A&P cell phisiology
Terms
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- Cell life cycle
- the series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides
- Cell division
- it reproduces it's self
- Interphase
- the cell is very active and is resting only from division a more accurate name for Interphase would be metabolic phase
- Mitosis
- Division of the nucleus
- Prophase
- the chromatin threads begin tp coil and shorten so that visible bar like bodies called chromosomes appear
- Metaphase
- (short stage)the chromosomes cluster and become aligned at the metaphase plate(midway between the centriols) so that the a straight line of chromosomes is seen
- Anaphase
- the centrometers that held the chromatids together split. the chromatids slowly begin to move apart drawn towards opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase
- Prophase in reverse the chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell uncoil to become threadlike chromatin,the spindle breaks down,a nuclear envelope developes around each chromatin mass and nucleoli appear in each of the daughter nuclei
- Cytokinesis
- division of the cytoplasm begins during late anaphase and completes during telophase
- Cleavage furrow
- appears over the midline of the spindle and squeezes or pinches the original cytoplasmic mass into two parts
- Binucleated or multinucleated
- when the cytoplasm does not divide when the nuclei does. fairly common in the liver
- Gene
- a DNA segment that carries the information for building one protien or polypeptide chain
- Enzymes
- Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the cell, are functional protiens,every chemical reaction that goes on in the body requires an enzyme
- Amino acids
- the building blocks of protiens that are joined during protien synthesis, examples-pheylalnine,glycine
- rRNA
- Ribosomal RNA helps form the ribosomes where protiens are built
- mRNA
- long single nucleotide strands that resemble half of a DNA moleculeand carry the"message"containing instructions for protien synthesis
- tRNA
- small cloverleaf-shaped molecules
- Triplet Code
- each three based sequence specifying a particular amino acid on the DNA
- Codons
- corresponding(to triplet code) three base sequences on mRNA
- Transcription
- involves the transfer of information from DNA's base sequence into comlimentary base sequence of mRNA(only DNA and mRNA are involved in transcription
- Translation
- occurs in the cytoplasm,once mRNA attaches to the ribosome then tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome they are bonded together by enzymes