World History Final Exam Review
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- Domesday Book
- Result of complete census taken by Duke William and later helped English monarchs build an efficient system of taxes.
- Henry II
- He wanted to try clergy in royal courts, developed an early jury system, and broadened the system of royal justice.
- Thomas Becket
- The archbishop of Canterburry who dissagreed with Henry II's attempt to try clergy in royal courts. He was murdered in 1170 by four of Henry's knights and was declared a saint.
- Louis IX
- Embodied the ideal of the perfect midieval monarch. He persecuted non-christians and led wars against the muslims. His enormous personal prestige helped create a strong national feeling among his subjects.
- Exchequer
- treasury
- Common Law
- legal system based on custom and court rulings
- Magna Carta
- John was forced to sign this charter by a group of rebellious barons. In it he affirmed a long list of feudal rights.
- Holy Roman Empire
- led by the holy roman emperor. holy because they were crowned by the pope and roman because they saw themselves as heirs to the emperors of ancient rome.
- Gregory VII
- Pope who banned lay investiture. He wanted to make the church independant of secular rulers.
- Henry IV
- Holy Roman Emperor who dissagreed with Gregory's ban on lay investiture.
- Innocent III
- Pope who embodied the triumph of the church and claimed supremacy over all other rulers. He clashed with many powerful rulers but nearly always came out on top.
- Lay Investiture
- when the emperor or another lay person presents a bishop with a ring or a staff to signify his office
- Council of Clermont
- 1095 Urban II incited bishops and nobled to take action against the turks
- Saladin
- Muslim leader who captured Jerusalem from the Christians.
- Reconquista
- christian campaign to drive Muslims from Jerusalem
- Marco Polo
- Venetian explorer who spent many years in China learning about their civilization.
- Ferdinand and Isabella
- monarchs who finally drove the muslims out of spain and tried to unify the nation under christianity.
- crusades
- holy wars called for by Pope Urban II to free the holy land from the muslims
- Thomas Aquinas
- Wrote Summa Theologica and brought christian faith together with classical greek philosophy
- Dante Alighieri
- Itallian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy
- Goeffery Chaucer
- wrote the canterbury tales
- Scholasticism
- method developed by christian scholars that used reason to support christian beliefs
- Flying buttresses
- stone supports that stood outside of gothic style buildings
- vernacular
- the everyday languages of ordinary people
- song of roland
- most popular chanson de geste which paraises the courage of one of Charlemagne's knights
- Jan Hus
- Man who led call for reforms in Bohemia. His followers were the hussites. He was tried for heresy and burned at the stake in 1415
- Joan of Arc
- 17-year-old peasant girl who led the French army to many victories before she was captured by the english and burned at the stake.
- John Wycliffe
- Oxford professor who attacked Church corruption. He insisted that the bible, not the church, was the source of all Christian truth.
- 100 Years War
- Series of conflicts between England and France that lasted from 1337-1453 over power and economic rivalry.
- Babylonian Captivity
- The time period when the papal court remained under French domination for about 70 years
- Inflation
- rising prices
- Francesco Petrarch
- Florentine who was an warly Renaissance humanist. He assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts and wrote Sonnets to Laura.
- Leonardo da Vinvi
- Artist who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. He was also many other things including an inventor
- Humanism
- imtellectual movement at the heart of the Italian renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues
- Castiglione
- author of The Book of the Courtier