Pharmacy Technician
Third Edition Of Pharmacology For Technicians, by Don A. Ballington and Mary M. Laughlin
Terms
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- Acetycholine (ACh)
- A neurotransmitter that binds to ACh receptors on the membranes of muslce cells, beginning a process that ultimately results in muscle contraction
- Arrhythmia
- Any variation from the normal heartbeat
- B cells
- anitbody- producting lymphocytes that are involved in humoral immunity
- Allergic Disease
- Diseases caused by and allergic reaction
- Antagonists
- Drugs that bind to a receptor site and block the action of the endogenous messenger or other drugs; used to reverse benzodiazepine or narcotic overdose
- Anxiety
- A state of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events
- Active Immunity
- Protection against disease that occurs as a result of coming into contact with an infection agent or an inactivated part of such an agent administered by a vaccine
- Antivenin
- A material used in treatment of poisoning by animal venom
- Agonists
- Drug that bind to a particular receptor site and trigger the cell's response in a manner similar to the action of the body's own chemical messenger
- Apothecaries
- Early pharmacists and/ or their shops
- Antiseptic
- A substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without killing them
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, usually associated with aging
- Alkalosis
- A blood pH above 7.45; a metabolic condition due to excessive loss of potassium or chloride
- Antiplatelets
- A class of drugs that reduce the risk of clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation
- Aura
- A subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the onset of a migraine headache
- Beta-1 receptors
- Nerve receptors on the heart that control the rate and strength of the heartbeat
- Affinity
- The strength by which a particular chemical messenger binds to its receptor site on a cell
- Alternative Medicine
- The use of herbs, supplements, and hemeopathic remedies for medicinal purposes
- Beta blocker
- A Class II antiarrhythmic drug that competitively blocks response to beta stimulation, which results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand; used to treat arrhythmias, MIs, and angina
- Beta-2 receptors
- Nerve receptors that control the smooth muscle of the airway
- Addison's Disease
- A life-threatening deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids that is treated with the daily administration of corticosteroids
- Aminoglycosides
- A class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits; commonly used to treat serious infections
- Anticoagulants
- A class of drugs that prevent clot formation by affecting clotting factors
- Amides
- A long-acting class of local anesthetics that are metabolized by liver enzymes
- Attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- A neurological disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility
- Anticholinesterase
- A drug that potentiates the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
- Allergy
- A state of heightenend sensitivity as a result of exposure to a particular substance
- Antibiotic
- A chemical substance with the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of organisms by interfering with bacteria life process
- Antivirals
- Agents that prevent virus replication in a host cell without interfering with the host's normal function
- Anaphylactic reaction
- A severe allergic response resulting in immediate life-threatening respiratory distress, usually followed by vascular collapse and shock and accompanied by hives
- Basal nuclei
- Symmetric, subcortical masses of gray matter embedded in the lower portions of the cerebral hemisphere; part of the extra-pyramidal system; also called basal ganglia
- Acne Vulgaris
- An inflammation of the skin, usually on the face and neck, that is caused by increased activity of the sebaceous glands and puberty
- Arthritis
- Joint inflammation; persistent pain due to functional problems of the joins
- A/B rated
- A system that compares the equivalency if be drug to that of another, especially brand to generic
- Anaphylaxis
- An exaggerated reaction to a foreign substance that results in severe shock with breathing difficulty and circulatory failure
- Antipyretic
- Fever reducing
- Bioavailability
- The degree to which a drug or other substances becomes available to the target tissue after administration
- Addiction
- A dependence characterized by a perceived need to take a drug to attain the psychological and physical affect of mood-altering substances
- Antiretrovirals
- Drugs that limit the progression of HIV
- Aerobic
- Needs oxygen to survive
- Alpha Receptors
- Nerve receptors that control vasaoconstriction, pupil dilation, and relaxation of the GI smooth muscle
- Absorption
- The process whereby a drug enters the circularity system
- Bacteria
- Small, single-celled microorganisms that exist in the three main forms: spherical (i.e., cocci), rod shaped (i.e., bacilli), and spiral (i.e., spirilla)
- Biologic- response modifiers
- Agents that alter the expression and response to surface antigens and enhance immune cell activities in ways that promote destruction of human malignancies
- Angiogenesis
- The formation of new blood vessels
- Antigens
- Peptides that are capable under appropriate conditions of inducing a specific immune response
- Antipsychotics
- Drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia; reduce symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders; also called neuroleptics
- Antirejection drugs
- Medications that prevent the body from rejecting foreign solid organ transplants
- Apocrine glands
- Sweat glands found in the axillary, perineal, and genital regions
- Anorexia
- Loss of appetite
- Actinic Keratosis
- A scaly skin lesion that is caused by too much sun and can lead to skin cancer
- Aqueous humor
- The liquid in the front portion of the eye
- Acute Viral Infection
- An infection that quickly resolves with no latent infection
- Afferent System
- The nerves that sense organs that bring information to the CNS; part of the peripheral nervous system
- Acidosis
- A blood pH below 7.35; a metabolic condition due to excessive loss of bicarbonate or sodium
- Androgens
- Hormones produced in males in the testes and in females in the ovaries
- Ascites
- The accumulation of fluids in the abdominal organs and the lower extremities
- Attention-deficit disorder (ADD)
- A neurologic disorder characterized by impulsivity and distractibility but with less hyperactivity than attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Alzheimer's Diseases
- A degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to progessive dementia and changes in personality and behavior
- Antitussives
- Drugs that block or suppress the act of coughing
- Bactericidal agent
- An agent that kills the invading organism
- Anaerobic
- Survives in the absence of oxygen
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- A degenerative disease of the nerves; also called Lou Gehrig's Disease
- Atonic seizure
- A type of generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of both muscle tone and consciousness
- Absence seizure
- A type of generalized seizure characterized by a sudden, momentary break in consciousness; also called petit mal seizure
- Analgesic
- Pain relieving
- Asthma
- A reversible lung disease with intermittent attacks in which inspirations is obstructed; provoked by airborne allergies
- Antiemetics
- Drugs that inhibit impulses that cause vomiting from going to the stomach
- Antihistamines
- Common term for drugs that block the H1 receptors
- Allergic Response
- An instance in which the immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless substance
- Afterload
- Arterial impedance, or the force against which cardiac muscle shorten; along with preload and contractility, determines cardiac output
- Anabolic Treatment
- Muscle building
- Aspiration
- Inhalation of fluids from the mouth and throat
- Angina Pectoris
- Spasmodic or suffocating chest pain caused by an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
- The part of the efferent system of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that regulates activities of body structures not under voluntary contorl
- Biopharmaceuticals
- vbfb
- Atopic eczema
- A chronic pruritic eruption of unknown etiology, although allergic, herdittary, and psychogenic factors may be involve; also called atopic dermattitis