USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology
Terms
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- Aripiprizole (Abilify)
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Drug class: Atypical antipsychotic
MOA: Partial agonist of D2& 5-HT1A receptors. Basically promotes Dopamine release and inhibits reuptake.
Clinical use: Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorders.
Adverse effects: Orthostatic hypotension, constipation
Contraindications: Carbemazepine, phenytoin, fluoxetine, paroxetine, azoles, cimetidine, verapamil, erythromycin, clarithromycin, nefazodone.
Monitor: blood pressure - Quinapril (Accupril)
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Drug class: ACE Inhibitor
MOA: Reduces angiotensin II
Clinical use: Hypertension, Congestive heart failure(CHF)
Adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness,nausea/vomitting(N/V).
Contraindications: Pregnancy Category D,breastfeeding. Avoid salt substitutes or potassium supplements. Lithium, tetracycline, diuretics.
Monitor: Blood pressure (BP), serum potassium - Acetaminophen w/ codeine (Tylenol #3, #4)
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Drug class: Analgesic, antipyretic
MOA: Codeine crosses the BBB, may affect endorphins
Clinical use: for relief of mild to moderately severe pain.
Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, sedation,N/V.
Contraindications: previous allergic reaction, pregnancy, avoid in patients with head trauma and/or liver/renal disease. Avoid alcohol.
Monitor: may be habit forming, LFTs, RFT's. - Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
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Drug class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
MOA: Blocks production of stomach acid
Clinical use: Stomach and duodenal ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adverse effects: N/V, diarrhea, dizziness.
Contraindications: Warfarin and cyclosporin
Monitor: Patients on ketoconazole and digoxin. - Risedronate (Actonel)
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Drug class: Biphosphonates
MOA: Stops osteoclast resorption
Clinical use: Osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone
Adverse effects: Headache, joint pain, diarrhea, constipation.
Contraindications: Do not take with food, water only! Avoid calcium, magnesium, and iron tablets,antacids, aspirin. Avoid in patients with Vitamin D deficiency, renal disease and GERD.
Monitor: Renal - Pioglitazone (Actos)
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Drug Class:thiazolidinedione
MOA: Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat
Clinical use: Type 2 diabetes
Adverse effects:URTIs, edema, hypoglycemia
Contraindications: oral contraceptives and azoles
Monitor: LFTs - Acyclovir (Zovirax)
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Drug class: antiviral
MOA: prevents viral replication
Clinical use: HSv-1&2, EBV, VZV
Adverse effects: N/V, diarrhea, rash.
Contraindications: Patients w/ renal disease
Monitor: Unless you have renal problems, you have to monitor your sexual habits. - Amphetamines (Adderall XR)
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Drug Class: Amphetamine
MOA: blocks presynaptic uptake of NE and DA
Clinical use: mostly ADHD, sometimes narcolepsy
Adverse effects: anorexia, insomnia, dry mouth, weightloss.
Contraindications: MAOIs, avoid in patients with hypertension or any heart conditions, glaucoma, thyroid problems, emotional instability, mental illness, or a known allergy to this type of medication
Monitor: May be habit forming - Fluticasone,Salmeterol (Advair diskus)
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Monitor: - Albuterol (Ventolin,Proventil)
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Monitor: - Alberuterol sulfate (Salbutemol)
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Monitor: - Fexofenadine (Allegra and Allegra-D 12 hour)
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Monitor: - Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
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Clinical use: Gout
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Monitor: - Brimonidine (Alphagan-P)
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Monitor: - Alprazolam (Xanax)
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Monitor: - Ramipril (Altace)
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Monitor: - Amiodarone HCL (Cordarone)
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Monitor: - Amitryptaline HCL (Elavil)
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Monitor: - Amoxicillin(Amoxil)
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Monitor: - Desogestrel/Ethinyl estradiol (Apri)
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Monitor: - Donepezil (Aricept)
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Monitor: - Levothyroxine (T4)and Liothyronine (T3) (Amour Thyroid)
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Monitor: - Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
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Monitor: - Azelastine (Astelin)
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Monitor: - Candesartan (Atacand)
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Monitor: - Atenolol (Tenorimin) + Atenolol w/ chlorthiadone (Tenoretic)
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Drug Class: Beta blocker
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Clinical use: hypertension, angina.
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Monitor: - Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Augmentin ES-600)
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Monitor: - Irbesartan-hydrochlorothiazide (Avalide)
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Monitor: - Rosiglitazone maleate and metformin (Avandamet)
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Monitor: - Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
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Monitor: - Irbesartan (Avapro)
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Monitor: - Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
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Monitor: - Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol (Aviane)
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Monitor: - Baclofen (Lioresal,Kemstro)
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Monitor: - Mupirocin (Bactroban)
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Monitor: - Benazepril HCL (Lotensin)
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Drug Class: ACE inhitibor
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Monitor: - Olmesartan (Benicar) Tablet form (Benicar HCT)
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Monitor: - Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
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Monitor: - Benztropine mesylate (Congentin) - injection form
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Drug Class: Antiparkinsonian agent
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Clinical use: Parkinson's
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Monitor: - Valdecoxib (Bextra)
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Monitor: - Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
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Monitor: - Bisoprolol fumerate/HCTZ (Zebeta)
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Clinical use: Hypertension
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Monitor: - Budeprion SR (Wellbutrin oral tablets)
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Monitor: - Buproprion HCL (Wellbutrin)
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Monitor: - Buspirone HCL (BuSpar)
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Drug Class: Antianxiety
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Monitor: - Butalbital w/APAP/Caffeine(Fioricet)
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Monitor: - Captoten (Captopril)
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Monitor: - Carbemazepine (Tegretol)
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Drug Class: Anticonvulsants
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