Pharmacology Test 5
Terms
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- Failure of the heart to pump blood efficiently
- Congestive Heart Failure
- What is congestive heart failure
- the failure for the heart to adequately distribute blood to the tissue
- what are the signs of CHF
- coughing,fatige,pulm edema, ascites, weight loss, extremities and abd distended
- what lab tests should be done if an animal has signs of CHF
- CXR, EKG, U/S
- What are the four things that are considered therepy for an animal with CHF
- Low salt diet, diuretics, digitalis, vasodilators
- If an animal does not want to eat its low salt diet as a therepy for its CHF, what should you do.
- Give him what he wants so he will eat something. Twinkies, Oreos, chips....
- what do diuretics do
- remove fluid from body via renal system
- what does Digitalis do
- Increase the amt of blood pushed to the body
- what do Vasodilators do to BP
- lower it
- what do Vasodilators do to the blood vessel
- dilates them
- what is Methyl xanthines
- Diuretic
- What diuretic retians water in the renal tubles by osmotic action
- Osmotic diuretics
- What type of diuretic is Mannitol and what does it do
- Osmotic. It pulls water with it. ???
- When is the osmotic diuretic Mannitol most often used
- in head traumas when swelling needs to be decreased from the brain
- What is an example of the diuretic Methyl xanthines
- caffeine
- what does methyl xanthines do
- inhibits sodium resorption by the proximal tubule
- what is Thiazides/Chlorthiazide
- a diuretic
- what are some examples of Loop diuretics
- furosemide, Disal, Lasix
- what is hypokalemia
- to little potassium
- What electrolyte is given as a supplement to animals on long term diuretic treatment
- K+ (potassium)
- what are the side effects of Loop diuretics?
- increased excretion of chloride, potassium, and water
- where does resorption occur with use of Loop diuretics
- Loop of Henle
- what is the newest, very powerful group of drugs used as a diuretic.
- Loop
- What is digoxin/Cardoxin, Lanoxin
- Digitalis
- what are the signs that digitalis has become toxic
- anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, increased excitability, skipped heart beats
- what is made from dried plant leaves
- digoxin (DIGITALIS)
- what durgs are used in-hospital for crises in cardiac output
- dopamine and dobutamine
- what are two Vasodialtors
- captopril/Capoten, enalapril/Enacard
- what does the vasodilator Enacard/enalapril do
- reduces work for heart by dilating the blood vessels, decreased BP, may slow progression of heart dz, can worsen kidney dz.
- what might happen if captopril/Capoten is used along with a NSAID
- Decrease effectiveness of Capoten
- What are side effects of Vasodilators
- vomiting, diarrhea, hypOtention (low BP)
- How should cardiac stimulants be used
- emergency situations. not for long term use
- what are two cardiac stimulants
- Epinephrine, Isoproterenol
- what do cardiac stimulants do
- may initiate a heartbeat during CPR. may strengthen heartbeats
- what is an arrhythmia
- abnormal heart beat
- what is bradycardia
- slow heart beat
- what is tachycardia
- fast heart beat
- what is the drug used for ventricular arrhythmias
- Lidocaine
- what drug is similar to Lidocaine but is longer lasting and can be given PO
- Procainamide
- what is Propranolol
- a beta-blocker used as a antiarrhythmic drug
- what are beta-blockers (Propranolol) used for
- to slow tachycardia and control some arrhythmias
- what should be avoided in therapy for heart dz
- situations that may be physically and emotionally stressful for the animal
- What other therepy can be used while treating a crisis related heart dz
- oxygen
- what do calcium channel blockers do
- slow heart rate, control arrhythmias and decrease BP
- what are expectorants used for
- productive cough
- what is a productive cough
- mucous is produced
- what is the route of expectorants
- primarily oral (also perenteral or inhaled)
- what do expectorants do
- have local effect on MM, thins secretions by making them watery, promotes removal of secretions
- what drugs are expectorants
- Guaifenesin, acethlcysteine/Mucomyst
- How is Guaifenesin used
- used for equine immobilization with an IV drip to maintain anesthesia
- what does mucomyst do
- decreases the viscosity of resp secretions
- what is the non resp use for Mycomyst
- it is used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
- a drug that inhibits or suppresses the cough reflex
- antitussive
- a drug that enhances the expulsion of secretions from the respiratory tract
- Expectorant
- thickened or dried out
- inspissated
- what is viscid
- sticky
- what does mucolytic mean
- having the ability to break down mucus
- what is guaifenesin (Glyceryl Guaiacolate) used for
- relief of cought symptoms and used in equine practice to induce or maintain general anesthesia
- Antitussive syrup, Cough syrup, Cough tablets, Robitussin AC, Triaminic Expectorant
- Expectorant
- what are the side effects of Guaifenesin (Glyceryl Guaiacolate)
- mild drowsiness, nausea
- what is acetylcysteine
- a mucolytic
- what is acetylcysteine used for
- to break down mucus and to treat acetominophen toxicity
- Trade names for Acetylcysteine
- Mucomyst, Mucosil-10, Mucosil-20
- how are antitussives classified
- centrally and peripherally
- inhibits or suppresses coughing
- antitussives
- a synthetic opiate with antitussive activity that is CIV schedule
- Butophanol (Torbutrol) (Torbugesic)
- a schedule III opiate for tx of non-productive cough
- Hydrocodone Bitartrate
- What are the four categories of drugs that are used for bronchodilation
- cholinergis blockers, antihistamines, beta-2 adrenergics, and methylxanthines
- what are beta-2 adrenergic agonists used as
- bronchodilators
- Epinephrine, isoprteronal (Isuprel), Albuterol (Venrolin, Proventil), terbutalin (Brethine), metaproterenol (Alupent)
- beta 2 agonists
- caffeine, theobromine, Aminophylline, theophylline
- methylxanthines
- Theo-Dur, Slo-bid, Choledyl SA, Aminophylline
- Methylxanthines
- Doxapram (Dropram V)
- central nervous system stimulant used primarily as a stimulant of the respiratory system
- Naloxone (Natrexone)
- used to stimulate resp in narcotic ODs
- yobine (Yohimbine)
- Used to stimulate resp in xylazine OD