Pharmacology exam 4
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what do problems with the GIT include?
- Regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, flatulation, colic,bloat, and abnorm BM.
- What does ANS stand for?
- Autonomic Nervous System
- what does the stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS increase?
- Intest mobility, tone, secretion, and relaztion of sphincters.
- What are the drugs called that mimic parasympathetic stimulation?
- Cholinergic
- What are the group of drugs called that INHIBIT the parasympathetic stimulation?
- anticholinergic
- What does the sympathetic branch of the ANS do?
- decrease intestional mobility, decrease tone, decrease sectretions, and increase anal sphincter tone
- what are the hormones released from intestinal cells
- Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin
- what functions do hormones control
- Gastric secretions, gastric and gall bladder emptying
- what is serotinin on the first page of the notes actually supposed to be?
- serotonin
- what do H2 receptors cause the release of?
- hydrochloric acid
- what is released from specialized GI cells
- histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins
- what do serotonin and prostaglandins do?
- who knows?
- what is vomiting?
- Forced expultion of stomach contents
- what is vomiting initiated by
- stimulation of the emectic/vomiting center in the brain.
- where is the vomit center located in the brain?
- Medulla oblongata
- what does CRTZ stand for
- Chemorecptor trigger zone
- T/F Occational vomiting of the dog or cat is normal?
- True
- in what animals whould vomiting be abnormal
- Horse, rabbit, rat
- what is it called when semi digested material is cast up from the rumen
- regurgitation
- what do emetics do
- cause vomiting
- what percent of stomach contents are removed when an animal is given an emetic?
- 80%
- Why would a emetic be given
- remove ingested poisons, empty stomach prior to anes
- when would you not use an emetic
- if the animal is semi-conscious, or is seizing
- T/F A rabbit should be given an emetic if it has swallowed poison.
- False. rabbits do not normally vomit
- what are the 2 classifications of emetics?
- Centrally acting and Locally acting
- what animal can centrally acting narcotic analgesics be used in as an emetic?
- Dogs only
- what drugs can be used centrally for emetic purposes? (4)
- Morphine, Apomorphine HCL (DOG ONLY)and xylazine (Rompun R), and Syrup of Ipecac
- what OTC drug has central and local effects
- syrup of Ipecac
- HOW are emetics classified
- On whether the act on the CRTZ or act locally
- what is the emetic of choice in the cat?
- Xylazine (Rompun R)
- what drug is not classified as a emetic, but the label states it will produce vomiting?
- Xylazine (Rompun R)
- How does an locally acting emetic work?
- It irritates the gastric/pharyngeal mucosa, causing reflex vomiting.
- What are the 3 locally acting emetics used in vet med
- Hydrogen peroxide, warm salt water, and Syrup of Ipecac
- What do antiemetics do?
- Prevent vomiting
- what are the uses of antiemetics
- prevent motion sickness, prevent vomiting while under anes, prevent post op vomiting, treat persistant vomiting
- what do Phenothiaxine derivatives and Precainimide derivatives act on
- centrally acting antiemetics
- what are Phenothiazine derivatives and what are the common side effects
- they are antiemetics useful in motion sickness. Side effect is sedation
- what are the 3 phenothiazine derivatives?
- Tranquilizer/ Acepromazine, chlorpromazine/ Thorazine, Prochlorperazine/ Darbazine
- What is Acepromazine
- Tranquilizer
- what is the trade name for chlorpromazine
- Thorazine
- what kind of derivative is prochlorperzaine/Darbazine
- phenothiazine
- what are procainimide derivatives especially useful for treating
- parvo
- what is the nick name for metoclopramide/ Reglan
- Stomach Dumper
- waht are the 3 drugs that are Procainimide derivatives
- Reglan, Benadryl, Dramamine
- what might locally acting antiemetics also contain
- local anesthetics,antacids, and protectants
- waht are some local antiemetics
- Maalox, Mylanta, Milk of Magnesia, Pepto BisMol, Kaopectate
- why should protectaints containing magnesium not be given while on tetracycline or corticosteroids
- it can interfere with or decrease absorption of the protectants
- what can cause diarrhea
- parasites, viruses, bacteria, toxins, neoplasia, etc
- Is hypomotility or hypermotility considered to be associated with diarrhea
- hypo
- what class of drugs is the choice for diarrhea in dogs
- opiates
- what do narcotic analgesics do for diarrhea
- decrease intestional secretions and motility and increase intestional absorption.
- what are the 2 narcotic analgesics used in diarrhea
- Lomotil (combined with atropine to discourage abuse, and Immodium
- what problem are anticholinergics and antispasmodics used for
- diarrhea
- why should you use Fagyl with caution as an antidiarrheal
- can cause anorexia, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, and neurotoxicity
- If Aminoglycosides are used as antidiarrheals, what could happen
- upset normal flora and result in Salmonella, colstridium, or Helicobactor
- what are the 4 types of antidiarrheals
- Narcotic analgesic, anticholinergics/antispasmodics, antibiotics, and protectants
- what 3 things are used as "Drugs that alter pH"
- Antacids, acidifiers, and Cimetidine (Tagamet)
- Do antacids increase or decrease the pH of the stomach
- Increase
- Do Acidifiers increase or decrease the gastric contents
- decrease
- what does Cimetidine (Tagamet), a H2 blocker do
- decreases acid production
- what are the 2 types of Protectives
- demulcents and absorbents
- what are the 3 demulcents used in vet med
- Pepto Bismol, Kaopectate, and Corrective Mixture
- what is the purpose of Digestive enzymes
- aid digestion and absorption
- what is the clinical use of digestive enzymes
- treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
- what should be avoided when using digestive enzymes
- spilling powder on skin and inhailing it
- what group of drug may give you an asthma attack if inhaled
- digestive enzymes
- what are the 2 pancreatic digestive enzyme products that are approved for dog and cat
- Viokase-V and Pancreatin
- what are the porpose of Rumen Function drugs
- treat rumen atony, restore normal flora, and treat bloat
- what rumen function drug would be used on rumen atony
- Neostigmine
- what does the rumen function drug Neostigmine do
- stimulated paristalsis
- what is the rumen function drug Probiocin used for
- restore normal rumen flora, often used in calves on antibiotics
- what are cathartics used for
- laxative, stimulate defication
- when would you use a cathartic
- poisoning, empty colon, remove fecal impaction, colic, anthelmintics
- what are the 3 types of cathartics
- bulk,lubricant, stool softener
- what is the bulk form of a cathartic made of
- indigestible plant material
- name some types of bulk laxatives
- Equine Psyllium, Metamucil, Bran Mash
- what is the base of lubricant cathartics
- oil
- what are lubricant laxatives used for
- constipation and fecal impactions
- what are the 3 lubricant cathartics used in vet med
- Laxatone, Kat-a-lax, Felaxin
- what are some examples of stool softeners
- colase and surfak
- what are used as Appetite stimlants
- Diazapam/Valium and B-vitamins