Pharmacology Quiz III
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- Name the central purpose of inflammation.
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Is to contain the injury or destroy the foreign agent
By neutralizing the foreign and removing cellular debris and dead cells, repair of the injured area can proceed at a faster pace, signs of inflammation include swelling, pain, warmth and redness of the affected area. - List drug classifications used to prevent allergic rhinitis.
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These are prophylaxis and include
Antihistamines
Glucocorticoids
Mast cell stabilizers - Name the syndrome that can occur with long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
- Cushing’s syndrome.
- Define pathogenicity.
- The ability of the organism to cause infection.
- Define “genetic errors†as it relates to drug resistance.
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Mutations occur spontaneously and at random and occationlly results in a bacterial cell that has reproductive advantages over its neighbors and may confer drug resistance to a microorganism.
Acquired resistance phenomenon. - Name the type of infection that can occur secondarily to anti-infective therapy.
- Superinfections
- Name the enzyme secreted by bacteria that limit the usefulness of the penicillins.
- Betalactamase or penicillinase
- Name the classification of antibiotic that are safe alternatives to the penicillins and can be given over a shorter time.
- Macrolides
- Name the bacteria that can cause pharyngitis, pneumonia, skin infections, septicemia or endocarditis.
- Streptococcus
- Name the organism that is single-celled and more complex than bacteria.
- Fungi Protozoan.
- Superficial fungal infections are sometimes referred to as this.
- Dermatophytic
- Name what fungal diseases are sometimes known as
- Mycoses Yeast
- Name the largest class of antifungal medications and know what they inhibit that causes a leaky plasma membrane.
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Azoles
they inhibit ergosterol synthesis
Similar to Anphotericin B - Name some community-acquired fungal infections that patients with intact immune defenses are sometimes afflicted with.
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Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis - List what systemic mycoses typically affect.
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Internal organs:
Lungs
Brain
Digestive organs - Name the drug of choice used for many years to treat systemic fungal infections
- Amphotericin B ( Fungizone )
- Name the major advantage of the azole medications.
- They can be administered orally.
- Viruses require a host in order to replicate, so they are considered this.
- Intracellular parasites.
- During what stage is the HIV-AIDS patient asymptomatic?
- Latent phase
- The standard aggressive treatment for HIV-AIDS using as many as four drugs at the same time is called this.
- Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ( HAART )
- Name the type of virus that causes Hepatitis B and list the ways by which it is transmitted
- DNA virus, and is transmitted primarily through exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids.
- What is the drug used most commonly to treat herpes virus?
- Aciclovir ( Zovirax )
- Name the virus that is treated with Rebetron.
- Hepatitis C or HCV infection
- Name the abnormal genes that promote cancer formation.
- Oncogenes
- Name the route by which most anti-tumor antibiotics are administered.
- Intravenously or through direct instillation via a catheter into a body cavity.
- Name the groups of chemotherapy drugs that comprise the plant extracts.
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Vinca alkaloids
Taxoids
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Camptothecins - Name the basic anatomical divisions of the digestive system.
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Alimentary canal or gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract this extends from the mouth to the anus.
Accessory organs ( saliva, glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas ) - Be able to describe an ulcer and the layers of the GI tract it affects.
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Peptic Ulcer is erosion of the mucosa layer of the GI tract, usually associated with acute inflammation
Common sites are duodenum in the small intestine and stomach ( Gastric )
The layers affected are Mucous gel layer, bicarbonate layer ( both in the mucosal barrier
The primary cause of PUD is infection by the gram negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori - Know the most common site that ulcers occur in.
- Common sites are duodenum in the small intestine and stomach ( Gastric )
- Know the definition of constipation.
- Constipation is identified by the decrease in the frequency and number of bowel movements. Stools may become dry, hard, and difficult to evacuate from the rectum
- Know the 3 conditions for which laxatives are contraindicated.
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Asses must be made for distension, bowel sounds, and bowel patterns,
If there is absence of bowel sounds, peristalsis must be restored prior to laxative therapy.
A suden, unxplained change in bowel patterns should be evaluated, as it could indicate a serious condition such as colon cancer.
Assessment should be made for esophageal obstruction, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction, and undiagnosed abdominal pain.