USMLE 1 Pharm Neuro
Terms
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- (5) Parkinsons drugs
-
BALSA:
Bromocriptine,
Amantadine,
Levodopa,
Selegiline,
Antimuscarinics -
Parkinson drug:
agonized dopamine receptors - Bromocriptine
-
Parkinson drug:
Increases Dopamine
(2) -
Amantidine,
L-Dopa -
Parkinson drug:
selectively inhibits MAO-B, thereby increasing availability of DA - Selegiline
-
Parkinson drug:
improves cholinergic activity (tremor and rigidity) -
Benztropine
(anti-muscarinic) -
what coverts L-dopa to dopamine in the brain?
AE to periphreal L-dopa/carbidpoa -
Carboxylase
AE:
Arrthymias -
serotonin agonist causing vasoconstriction for Tx of migraine or cluster HA
what specific receptor?
AE -
Sumatriptan
receptor: 5HT-1D
AE: Coronary vasospasm - AE of Benzodiazepines
- Sedation
- (3) drugs that are first-line for Tonic-Clonic seizures
-
PVC:
Phenytoin,
Valproic Acid,
Carbamazepine - (2) drugs that are first-line for Absent seizures
-
Ethosuximide,
Valproic Acid -
MOA of Valproic Acid
(3) AE
Aside from Bipolar d/o, what other psych Dx can it be used for? -
MOA:
Na-channel (and Ca-channel) blocker
AE:
Hepatotoxicity,
Neural tube defects in fetus,
Tremor
(also can be used for Schizophrenia) - What are the (4) Tx for Status Epilepticus
-
Diazepam,
Lorazepam,
Phenytoin,
Phenobarbital - DOC for seizures in pregnant women and children
- Phenobarbital
-
DOC for Trigeminal neuralgia, Tonic-Clonic seizures, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
(2) AE
what monthly test should be done to patient? -
Carbamazepine
AE:
Hepatotoxicity;
Aplastic Anemia
monthly test: LFTs - (2) epilepsy drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine - MOA of Ethosuximide
- Blocks T-type Ca-channels
-
epileptic drug that blocks Na channels and inhibits glutamate release from presynaptic neurons
AE (4) -
Phenytoin
AE:
Gingival hyperplasia,
Hirsutism,
SLE-like syndrome,
Nystagmus and ataxia -
drug class that facilitates GABA action by increasing the duration of Cl- channel opening
contraindication? -
Barbiturates
[barbiDURATes inc DURATion]
CI: Porphyria - Barbiturate that is used in ansthesia induction
- Thiopental
-
drug class that facilitates GABA action by increasing the frequency of Cl- channel opening
use (4)* -
Benzodiazepines
use (Dumb ASS):
Detoxification,
Anxiety,
Status epilepticus,
Sleep issues (walking, terrors) - (3) short-acting Benzos
-
short TOM thumb:
Triazolam,
Oxazepam,
Midazolam -
DOC for Huntington's DZ
(3)* -
Practice Hunting Trees:
Phenothiazines,
Haloperidol,
Tetrabenazine - DOC for Tourette's
- Haloperidol
- beta-blocker used to Tx tremor
- Propranolol
- DOC in Wilson's Dz
- Penicillamine
-
(3)* Neuroleptic Antipsychotics that block the D2 receptors
main use? -
THC:
Thioridazine,
Haloperidol,
Chlorpromazine
use: Schizophrenia -
AE of Neuroleptics (antipsychotics)
for each receptor blocked:
1. DA
2. Muscarinic
3. Alpha
4. Histamine -
DA: Hyperprolactinemia, gynecomastia
Muscarinic: dry mouth, constipation
Alpha: Hypotension,
Histamine: Sedation -
Dx:
rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperpyrexia, recent Tx for schizophrenia
Tx?
(3 possible) -
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
Tx:
1. Bromocriptine
2. Amantidine
3. Dantrolene -
Dx:
strange oral-facial movements, chorea, recent neuroleptic ingestion - Tardive Dyskinesia
- (3) Atypical Antipsychotics
-
OLanzapine, CLOZapine, RISPERidone
[its not ATYPICAL for OLd CLOZets to RISPER] -
MOA of Atypical antipsychotics
which is used to Tx OCD?
which causes Agranulocytosis as an AE? -
block Serotonin and Dopamine receptors
OLanzapine - OCD
CLOZapine - Agranulocytosis -
(4)* AE of Lithium
Use? -
Lithium
LMNOP:
Lithium AE =
Movement (tremor),
Nephrogenic DI,
hypOthyroidism,
Pregnancy problems
Use: Mood stabilizer for Bipolar disorder to block manic events -
(4)* SSRIs
AE? (2) -
"the CITy PAROt FLU down SERTRAIL":
CITalopram,
PAROxetine,
FLUoxetine,
SERTRALine
AE: Sexual dysfunction and N/V -
(3) TCAs
MOA
Basic (not toxic) AE (2) -
CIA:
Clomipramine,
Imipramine,
Amitriptyline
MOA: block reuptake of NE and Serotonin
AE:
Sedation,
anticholinergic side effects - TCA used for bedwetting
- Imipramine
- TCA used for OCD
- Clomipramine
-
Toxicity of TCA
(3) -
("Tri-C"):
Convulsions,
Coma,
Cardiotoxicity - (5)* Heterocyclic Antidepressants
-
"you need BUtane in your VEINs to MURder for a MAP of alcaTRAZ"
BUproprion,
VENlafaxine,
MIRtazapine,
MAProtiline,
TRAZodone - heterocyclic that also Tx smoking
- Bupropion
- heterocyclic that inhibits Serotonin, NE and DA reuptake
- Venlafaxine
- heterocyclic that is an alpha2-blocker
- Mirtazapine
-
what (3) drugs can MAO-inhibitors not combine with?
why? -
Tyramine - HTN crisis
SSRI - Serotonin syndrome
B-agonist - Serotonin syndrome -
what does it mean if an anesthetic has a high solubility in blood?
(2) -
slower induction and slower recovery time
(Low blood solubility = rapid induction and recovery time) - what does it mean if an anesthetic has a high solubility in lipids?
-
Increased Potency
High lipid solubility = 1/MAC - AE of Halothane
- Hepatotoxicity
- (5)* types of IV anesthetics
-
B.B.King on OPIATES PROPOses FOOLishly:
Barbs,
Benzos,
Ketamine,
Opiates,
Propofol - common Benzo used for endoscopy
- Midazolam
-
how can you tell Amide local anesthetics versus esters?
MOA of locals -
AmIdes have 2 "I's" in the name
ex: LIdocaIne
MOA: Na-channel blockers - which local anesthetic has cardiovascular toxicity?
- Bupivacaine
-
used to Tx hyperthermia caused by inhalation anesthetics and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
MOA -
Dantrolene
MOA:
prevents release of Ca from SR of skeletal muscles - what mixed agonist/antagonist of opioid receptors can place a person on Methadone back into withdrawal?
- Pentazocine
- what is the only opioid delivered parenterally?
- Fentanyl
- what is the only local anesthetic used topically?
- Benzocaine
- (2) MAO inhibitors
-
Phenelzine,
Tranylcypromine -
what NT does it block:
Neuroleptics - Dompamine (D2)
-
what NT does it block:
Atypical antipsychotics -
Serotonin
Dopamine -
what (2) NT does it block:
TCAs -
Serotonin
NE -
what NT does it block:
Heterocyclics - Vary...
- which SSRI also inhibits NE?
- Fluoxetine
-
which opiate receptor has the majority of the AE and Euphoria?
which has Dysphoria? -
U - Euphoria (and AE)
K - Dysphoria - in addition to Tx schizo, what abdominal Sx does Chlorpromazine Tx?
- Nausea and Vomiting
- what class of Antipsychotics have AE associated w/ blocking Dopamine, Muscarinic, alpha and Histamine receptors?
-
Neuroleptics
Chlorpromazine ("-AZINES") and Haloperidol - Which Schizophrenic drug is also effective in minimizing the emotional bluntness and social withdrawal Sx?
- Olanzapine
- what "NSAID" does not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis?
- Acetaminophen
- general anesthetic that causes AE of Hyperthermia, HTN, HyperK, tachycardia, muscle rigidity and Metabolic Acidosis?
- Halothane
- which Benzo is good for alcohol withdrawal?
- Diazepam
- which anti-alcohol med causes nausea and vomiting w/ alcohol consumption?
- Disulfiram
- what Benzo is good versus Agoraphobia and Panic disorders?
- Alprazolam
- what anti-epileptic / anti-psychotic can induce seizures?
- Clozapine
- AE of Propofol
- Metabolic Acidosis
-
list the progressive depression of the CNS
(5) -
Sedation -> Hypnosis -> Anesthesia ->
Coma -> death - what is the effect a local anesthetic has on nerve fibers?
- Pain -> Sensory -> Motor