Histamine H2 antagonist
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- Histamine H2 antagonists what are the actions
- they inhibit the action of histamine therefore decreased secretion of gastric acid and decreased pepsin output therefore ulcerated areas can heal
- Examples of Histamine H2 antagonists
- Togamet, Pepcid, Axid, Pulvules, Zantec
- What are the uses of Histamine H2 antagonists
-
tx of gastic/duodenal ulcers
hypersecretory conditions; manage GERD pts; Propylactic pts prone to stess ulcers (ie burn victims, car accident)
Upper GI bleeding - Adverse reactions of Histamine H2 antagonists
- Dizziness, somnolence (sleepy) H/A, Confusion in elderly it can lead to psychosis)
- Contraindications for use of Histamine H2 antagonists
- Use caution with pts with renal/hepatic impariment; caution in geriatric due to possible confusion; pregnancy/lactation; lots of drug to drug interactions (i.e) antacids and Reglan decrease absorbtion
- NSG responsibilities for Histamine H2 antagonists
- Monitor for dizziness,drowsiness; geriatrics (sensitive) if ordered IV give slowly because it may cause cardiac arrhytmias; Axid pulvules give 1x per day at HS
- Patient and family teaching for Histamine H2 antagonists
- Keep MD informed on progress. take as directed, follow MD recomendations ie (limit foods and alcohol; IF drowsiness avoid driving; report sore throat rask fever belleding black tarry stool easy bruising and confusion; regular follow ups drugs may need 4-6 weeks or longer to work; Cimetidine effect is decreased if u smoke
- Antidiarrheals what are the actions
- decrease intestinal peristalsis ( diarrhea)
- Name three antidiarrheals
- Motomen, Lomotil, Imodium
- Adverse reactions Antidiarrheals
- motefen and lomotile Atropne is added to them to discourage abuse because the have euphoric effect; anorexia, n/v, constipation, rash, dizziness, sedative effect
- Contraindications of Antidiarrheals
- do not use in pts less than 2 years old; those associate with GI infection ( ie eaten bad food), do not give to pts with abd pain of unknown origin, obstructive jaundice
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Nursing Responsibilities
Antidiarrheals -
Monitor BM to see if pt still needs meds
IF abdomen changes report or if temp or decreases in vs, pt may need iv fluids/electrolytes, I/O, Monitor perianal area for exforation from diarrhea (apply vaseline around it) - Patient teaching for Antidiarrheals
- Do not exceed recom dosage may cause drowsiness, avoid alchohol or cns depressants unless approved by MD, Notify MD if diarrhea persists or becomes more severe
- Antiflatulents what is the action
- decrease flatus in intestinal tract
- Name one example of an antiflatulent
- Mylicon (used post op charcoal)
- Uses of antiflatulent
- pain relief caused by excess gas (ex post op gas distention, peptic ulcer, diverticulosis) Charcoal as antidote for poisoning
- Adverse reactions/Contrainications for antiflatulent
- Few or none
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NSG responsibilities
antiflatulent - Mylicon before each meal at hours of sleep Activated charcoal two hours before or one hour after meals
- Pt and family teaching antiflatulent
- Take simethicone after meal and at bedtime, thoroughly chew tablets because complete particle dispersion enhances antiflatulent actions notify md if symptoms not relieved in several days