Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Terms
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- Receptors involved in motion sickness?
- H1 and muscarinic
- Type of useful drugs for motion sickness?
- H1 antihistaminics with antimuscarinic action
- Name four drugs to treat motion sickness.
-
Diphenhydramine
Cyclizine
Promethazine
Scopolamine (antimuscarinic only) - Name type of receptor involved in gastro-intestinal infection, irritation, drugs.
- 5-HT3 receptors
- Name 3 useful drugs to treat gastro-intestinal infection/irritation.
-
Graniseton
Ondansetron
Dolasetron - What type of receptors are affected in blood-borne chemical triggers?
-
5-HT3
D2
M1 - Name two drugs that are antagonists of 5-HT3 and D2? (blood-borne chemical triggers)
-
Metoclopromide
Trimethobenzamide - Name three drugs that are D2 receptor antagonists. (blood-borne chemical triggers)
-
Chlorpromazine
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine - Name a corticosteroid used as an anti-emitic/anti-nausea drug?
- Dexamethasone
- What type of drug commonly causes constipation?
- Anticholinergic drugs
- What does chronic use of laxatives cause?
- rebound constipation
- What is lacking in the diet of a patient with constipation?
- fiber
- Name 4 fibrous foods that can be added to a diet of a patient with constipation.
-
whole grains
beans
vegetables
green salads - Name 3 fiber supplements.
-
agar
psyllium seed
methylcellulose - Name a common stool softener.
- Dioctyl sodium sulfoccinate (detergent)
- Name a common stimulant laxative.
- Castor oil
- What is the function of castor oil?
- Strongly increases small and large intestine motility.
- Name 3 plant products that function as stimulant laxatives.
-
Cascara
senna
aloes - Name a drug that functions as a stimulant laxative.
- Bisacodyl
- Which stimulant laxatives have a 6-8 hour delay?
-
plant products
Bisacodyl -
saline cathartics
Name 3 osmotic effect of non-absorbable compounds. -
Polyethylene glycol
Laculose
Sorbitol -
saline cathartics
Name 2 osmotic and inhibition of non and water uptake compounds. -
Magnesium citrate
Magnesium hydroxide - How would you treat diarrhea caused by an infection?
- antimicrobials
- How would you treat diarrhea caused by ingested enterotoxin?
- maintain fluid intake
- How would you treat diarrhea caused by malabsorption?
-
give enzyme supplement
avoid offending foods - How would you treat diarrhea caused by inflammatory disease?
- anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs
- How do Opiods of Mu receptors function? (3)
-
increase sphincter tone
decrease propulsive motility
decrease secretion - Name the function of Opiods that affect Sigma receptors? (1)
- decrease secretion
- Name 2 Opioids Mu receptor agonist.
-
Diphenoxylate
Loperamide - Name an anti-diarrheal drug with an anti-microbial action.
- Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
- Name a somatostatin analog that inhibits gastric acids, pepsinogen secretion, and endocrine secretions.
- Octreotide
- Name an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that inhibits release of ALL autonomic neurotransmitters.
- Clonidine
- Decribe the function of Clonidine. (2)
- decreases propulsion and secretion
- Name two drugs available to treat gallstones.
-
Chenodiol
Ursodiol -
Which of the following is used alone?
A. Chenodiol
B. Ursodiol - B. Ursodiol
- Name a common drug used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
- 5-aminosalicylic acid
- Name 2 corticosteroids that function as immunosuppresive agents.
-
hydrocortisone
prednisone - Name 3 cytotoxic agents that function as immunosuppressive agents.
-
azathioprine
mercaptopurine
cyclosporine - Name a drug used to treat portal-systemic encephalopathy.
- Lactulose
- Describe the function of Lactulose.
-
ion trapping of ammonia as NH4 in the lumen
increased excretion of NH4 in feces