Medical Terminology Ch05
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o - vessel
- aort/o
- aorta
- arteri/o
- artery
- ather/o
- fatty lipid paste
- atri/o
- atrium
- cardi/o
- heart
- coron/o
- circle or crown
- my/o
- muscle
-
pector/o
steth/o - chest
- sphygm/o
- pulse
- thromb/o
- clot
-
ven/o
phleb/o - vein
- varic/o
- swollen, twisted
- ventricul/o
- ventricle (belly or pouch)
- atrium
- upper right or left chambers of heart
- endocardium
- membrane lining the cavities of the heart
- epicardium
- partition between right and left atrium
- interventricular septum
- partition between right and left ventricle
- myocardium
- heart muscle
- pericardium
- protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between
- ventricle
- lower chambers of heart (left or right)
- heart valves
- structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood
- aortic valve
- heart valve between the left ventricle and aorta
- mitral or bicuspid valve
- heart vavle between the left artium and left ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
- tricuspid valve
- valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- valves of the veins
- valves located at intervals in the veins, as they return to the heart
- arteries
- vessels that carry blood from the heart ot the arterioles
- aorta
- large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle
- arterioles
- small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
- capillaries
- tiny vessles that connect the arterioles and venules
- venules
- small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
- veins
- vessles that carry blood to the heart from the venules
- systemic circulation
- dilivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
- coronary circulation
- dilivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart
- pulmonary circulation
- dilivery of oxygen and nutrients to the lungs
- diastole
- to expand, the period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
- systole
- to contract, the period in the cardiac cycle when blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta
- normotension
- normal blood pressure
- hypotension
- low blood pressure
- hypertension
- high blood pressure
- arteriosclerosis
- hardening of arterial walls
- atherosclerosis
- buildup of fat that hardens the walls of arteries
- atheromatous plaque
- swollen area within the artery caused by fatty buildup
- thrombus
- stationary blood clot
- embolus
- mobile clot, (blood, air, foreign object) carried in blood stream. obstructs when it lodges
- stenosis
- narrowing of a part
- constriction
- compression of a part
- occlusion
- obstruction of a part
- ischemia
- to hold back blood, decreased blood flow to a tissue
- infarct
- to stuff, localized area of tissue death (necrosis) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow)
- angina pectoris
- chest pain caused by temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart, often caused by narrowing of coronary arteries
- aneurysm
- widening, bluging of the wall of heart, aorta, artery
- saccular aneurysm
- saclike buldge on one side
- fusiform aneurysm
- spindle-shaped bulge
- dissecting aneurysm
- split or tear of the vessel wall
- claudication
- to limp, pain in a limb caused by poor blood flow
- heart murmur
- abnormal sound from heart, produced by defects in chambers or valves
- palpitation
- subjective experience of pounding skipping or racing heartbeats
- vegetation
- to grow, an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, result of infection
- sinoatrial node
- the pacemaker
- atrioventricular node
- center of heart, transfers impulses from SA to His
- bundle of His
- bundle of fibers running from the AV node to the purkinje fibers
- purkinje fibers
- fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses that cause the ventricles to contract
- polarization
- resting, resting state of a myocardial cell
- depolarization
- change in cell from polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction
- repolarization
- recharging of the myocardial cell, from depolatized (contracted) to polarized (relaxed)
- normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
- regular rhythm of the heart cycle
- arrhythmia
- loss of rhythm in the cardiac cycle
- bradycardia
- slow heart rate (type of arrhythmia)
- fibrillation
- chaotic, irregular contractions (type of arrhythmia)
- premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
- ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse from the SA node (type of arrhythmia)
- tachycardia
- fast heart rate (type of arrhythmia)
- arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
- hardening of the arteries, seen in smokers and the elderly
- bacterial endocarditis
- bacterial inflamation of the endocardium or the heart valves
- cardiac tamponade
- compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
- cardiomyopathy
- disease of the heart muscle
- congenital anomaly of the heart
- malformations of the heart, presents at birth
- atrial septal defect (ASD)
- an opening in the septum separating the atria
- coarctation of the aorta
- narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
- patent ductus arteriosus
- abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, birth defect
- ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- an opening in the septum serarating the ventricles
- congestive heart failure (CHF)
- failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body
-
cor pulmonale
right ventricular failure - enlargement of the right ventricle resulting from a chronic disease within the lungs
- coronary artery disease (CAD)
- condition affecting the arteries of the heart
- hypertension (HTN)
- high blood pressure
- essential (primary) hypertension
- high blood pressure attributed to no single cause
- secondary hypertension
- high blood pressure caused by another disease
- mitral valve prolapse
- protrusion of one of both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium, backflow of blood
- myocardial infarction
- heart attack, coronary artery block, loss of blood flow
- myocarditis
- inflammation of the myocardium, by infection
- pericarditis
- inflammation of pericardium
- phlebitis
- inflammation of a vein
- rheumatic heart disease
- damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rhumatic fever
- thrombophlebitis
- inflamation of a vein
- varicose veins
- defective vein valves, twisted vein apearance
- deep vein thrombosis
- formation of a clot in a deep body vein
- auscultation
- examination method using sounds of the body
- gallop
- abnormal heart sound, gait of a horse
- Holter ambulatory monitor
- portable electrocardiograph worn for ~24 hours
- magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
- MRI of heart or vessels
- nuclear medicine imaging
- radionuclide organ imaging
- radiology
- xray imaging
- angiogram
- record obtained by angiography
- coronary angiogram
- radiograph of the blood vessels of the heart
- arteriogram
- xray of a particular artery
- aortogram
- xray of the aorta
- venogram
- xray of a vein
- cardiac catheterization
- tube inserted into heart via veins, variety of uses
- ventriculogram
- xray of ventricles
- stroke volume (SV)
- measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
- cariac output (CO)
- measurement of amount of blood ejected from either ventricle of the heart per minute
- ejection fraction
- measurement of volume percentrage of left ventricular contencts ejected with each contraction
- echocardiography
- sound imaging of the heart
- coronary artery bypass graft
- bypass an occluded coronary artery with surgery
- anastomosis
- opening, joining of two blood vesseles to allow flow from one to the other
- valve replacment
- replacement of a heart valve with a mechanincal one
- valvuolplasty
- repair of a valve
- transmyocardial revascularization (TMR)
- laser techique to open tiny channels in the heart muscle to restore blood flow
- endovascular surgery
- interventional procedures performed at the time of cardiac catheterization
- angioscopy
- use of angioscope that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion
- arteriotomy
- incision into an artery
- atherectomy
- excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue buildup
- embolectomy
- incision into an artery for the removal of an embolus
- thrombectomy
- incision into an artery for the removal of a thrombus
- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
- ballon angioplasty
- intravascular stent
- implant used to reinforce the wall of a vessel
- cardioversion
- termination of tachycardia
- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiter
- treats hypertension
- antianginal
- drug that dilates coronary arteries
- beta-adrenergic blocking agents
- inhibit sympathetic nerve activity, treat hypertension
- calcium channel blockers
- slow heart rate, treat hypertension
- cardiotonic
- drug that increases the force of contractions, treats heart failure
- diuretic
- increased unirnation, helps treat hypertension
- hypolipidemic
- drug that reduces serum fat
- thrombolytic agents
- dissolve blood clots
- vasoconstrictor
- drug that causes constrition of vessels
- vasodilator
- drug that causes dialation of vessels