Psychology Exam 4 2
Terms
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- What is development of personality?
- Developing as a person involves developing ways of thinking, feeling & behaving
- What are the Big 5 clusters?
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Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientious
Openess
Neurotism - What are the traits of Extraversion?
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talkative
affectionate
sociable
fun-loving - What are the traits of Agreeableness?
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sympathetic
trusting
warm
cooperative - What are the traits of Conscientiousness?
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dependable
ethical
purposeful
productive - What are the traits of Openess?
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daring
imaginative
non-conforming
broad interests - What are the traits of Neurotism?
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anxious
insecure
guilt-prone
self-conscious - What are the opposite clusters?
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Extraversion-Introversion
Agreeableness-Disagreeableness
Conscientiousness-Impulsiveness
Neurotism-Stability
Openess-Closedness - What are ways to measure personality?
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Self Report Inventories
Projective Personality Test
Projective Test II - Social Cognitive Perspective
- "Middle Ground" view of personality btwn. psychodynamic and humanistic. Acknowledges the role of the enviornment & interpretaions in development of personality.
- locus of control
- The amount of control ppl. feel he has over the environment
- self-efficacy
- The beliefs that we hold about our own ability to perform a task
- conformity
- The tendency for ppl. to bring their behavior in line w/group norms
- Obedience
- compliance that occurs when ppl. respond to the orders of authority figures
- self-fulfilling prophecy effect
- How we expect ppl. to act determines how we act toward them; how we act determines how they act
- cognitive dissonance
- Conflict btwn. attitude & behavior
- fundamental attribution error
- When making attributions about other people’s behaviors, ppl. tend to overemphasize the role of personal factors & underestimate the role of the situation.
- criteria for a psychological disorder?
- 1. Statistical Abnormality (Bell Curve) 2. Dysfunctional Behavior 3. Distressing or bothersome to the person
- types of psychological disorders
- 1. Anxiety Disorders 2. Dissociative Disorders 3. Mood Disorders 4. Schizophrenia
- learned helplessness
- A learned expectation that ppl. can’t control: important life outcomes resulting in apathy and depression
- Aversion therapy
- good associations replaced w/bad associations ex. Certain medications that cause illness when paired w/alcohol or nicotine.
- Cognitive therapy
- getting the client to change their behavior by changing conscious thought patterns.
- Informational influence
- leads ppl. to conform b/c they assume that the majority is correct
- Normative influence
- ppl. conform b/c they fear the social rejection
- Schizophrenia
- Disturbances in thought processes lead to experience a world that doesn't resemble reality
- Systematic Desensitization
- work step-by-step to rid the negative association. Bad associations replaced w/good associations
- Dysthymic disorder
- depressive symptoms are less severe & less disruptive but are more chronic (over yrs.)
- Mania
- ppl. experience feelings of euphoria, energy, invincibility, sociability & demonstrates risk-taking beahvior. (often develop delusions & take risks w/money or their life)
- Bipolar
- Alternates btwn. depression and manic state.
- OCD
- Axiety disorder that develops "worry" into persisten thoughts(obsessions) or a compelling need to repeatedly perform actions (cumpulsions)
- fugue state
- form of amnesia in which a person "forgets" his identity, wanders from home, & starts a new life
- delusions
- false beliefs
- hallucinations
- sensory experiences that occur w/o actual stimulation
- comorbidity
- ppl. diagnosed w/1 mental disorder exhibit symptoms of other disorders
- What causes OCD?
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Frued: symbolic of the repressed desire or unresolved conflict
Skinner: persist b/c of operant conditioning
biological: unusual brain activity in areas that support habitual behavior - Symptoms of depression
- sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, inability to concentrate, changes in weight or sleeping habits
- Dissociative disorder
- ppl. lose touch w/past or present identity; more severe than axiety disorder
- Dissociative amnesia
- suffers an inability to remember personal experiences: phychological NOT physiological
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- marked distrust of others; including the belief, w/o reason, that others are exploiting, harming or trying the deceive them
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Lack of regard for the moral or legal standards in the local culture
- Dependent Personality Disorder
- Excessive & persistent need to be taken care of by others
- Social Learning Theory
- Personality develops from outside; personality characteristics not formed during internal & unconscious conflicts...rather, they are learned
- Freudian Theory
- personality develops from inside
- Freudian Therapy (Psycholanalysis)
- Getting the client to change their behavior patterns by coming to term w/unconscious desires ex. free association and dream analysis