Psych 1000 Exam 4
Terms
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- What is the Health Belief Model?
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1. Severity of consequences
2. Susceptibility to consequences
3. Benefits of particular actions
4. Barriers (costs) to action - What is alcohol myopia?
- alcohol causes a short sightedness in which individuals pay attention to superficial, immediat cues, but ignore abstract, distant cues.
- What are the 4 sexual motivations?
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1. Enhancement Motives (pleasure)
2. Coping motives (min. neg. emotions)
3. Intimacy Motives (achieve intimacy)
4. Approval Motives - What is developmental psychology?
- the branch of psychology that studies the patterns of physical, cognitive, and moral growth and change occuring throughout life
- What are the 3 important issues in development?
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Nature vs. Nurture
Continuity (motor skills) vs. Stages (cognitive)
Stability vs. Change - Piaget's 3 concepts needed to adapt to our envirionment?
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1. Schemata
2. Assimilation
3. Accommaodation - What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development?
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1. Sensorimotor: can't think about environment using lang. Object permanence develops
2. Preoperational: can represent things with language but lacks logical reasoning
a. Egocentrism: world from own pers.
b. animism: everything is alive
c. understanding conservation
3. Concrete Operational: child can think logically but not abstractly. Masters concept of conservation and reversibility.
4. Formal Operational: master most (only 40-60% reach) - What are Kkohlberg's levels of moral development?
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Level 1: preconventional Level (judgement is self-centered)
* Punishment- obediance
* Instrumental- Exchange (costs & benefits)
Level 2: Conventional Level: other-centered
* Good-child orieintation (seek approval of others)
* Land and Order: conforming to norms
Level 3: Postconventional
* Social-Contract: obedience to laws
* Universal Ethics: morality to individual conscience - What are the three main approaches to personality?
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A. Self report: survey
B. Projective Tests: inkblots
C. Behavioral Assessment - What are the 3 measurments of approaches?
- Standardized, Reliable, Valid
- What are Eysenck's major trait demensions?
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Extraversion: extent to which someone is outgoing and sociable
Neuroticism: refers to how emotionally stable someone is - What are Norman's five trait factors?
- Extraversion, emotional stability, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
- What is Freud's stage theory?
- Ppl. get fixated on a problem and exhibit a personality trait charcteristc of an earlier stage.
- Criticisms of Freud's Theory?
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* Built on unobservable, abstract conceptions
* Based on limited population - What is the cognitive approach to personality?
- Interaction of person and environment
- What is the learning approach to personality?
- a person developes personality only if she is exposed to good models and is reinforced for appropriate behavior
- What is the humanistic approach to personality?
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humans are always trying to do better through decisions
Self-concept: perception of who wer are and what we like based on interactions with others - what is the biological approach to personality?
- Genetic influences
- What is Mischel's Alternative View?
- There's no such thing as personality. All behavior is determined by external, social situations (kids view of own honesty)
- How is health defined?
- major health problems, past and present
- What is stress?
- the process by which we appraise and bodily respond to certain events that we see as threatening or challenging
- What causes stress?
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1. Major Life Events: usually involve change
2. Chronic Stressors: longterm
3. Daily Hassels: little, insignificant daily problems (most stressful) - What is id?
- operates on pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
- What is ego?
- operates on reality principle satisfying id's desires in ways that will realistically bring leasure rather than pain
- What is superego?
- represents internalized ideals and is the conscience
- What is type A personality?
- competitive, hard-driving, impatients, verbally agressive, and anger-prone person