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Personal Finance Semester 1 Finals

Terms

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4 C’s of credit

Capacity, Collateral, capital and character

APR

The annual rate that is charged for borrowing

Capacity

Do you have the ability to pay the loan? Do you have a job or another income source? Do you have other debts?

Capital

what are you worth? Do you have other assets, such as a savings account, car, or certificate of deposit that could be used to repay the debt?

character

will you repay the loan? Have you used credit before? Do you pay your bills on time?

Collateral

Property or other assets that a borrower offers a lender to secure a loan. If the borrower stops making the promised loan payments, the lender can seize the collateral to recoup its losses.

Compounding

Interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan. This practice can be thought of as “interest on interest,” and will make a deposit or loan grow at a faster rate than simple in

Credit history

A record of a consumer's ability to repay debts and demonstrated responsibility in repaying debts.

Credit ratio

The percentage of your income that is taken up by your debt obligations.  Lenders look at this percentage to help them decide whether or not you are a good credit risk.

Diversification

Reducing risk by investing in a variety of assets.

Dividends

a sum of money paid to shareholders of a corporation out of earnings.

Dollar Cost averaging

An investment strategy designed to reduce volatility in which securities, typically mutual funds, are purchased in fixed dollar amounts at regular intervals, regardless of what direction the market is moving. Thus, as prices of securities rise, fewer units are bought, and as prices fall, more units are bought

FICO

A credit score derived from the credit model developed by Fair Isaac Corporation.

Finance charge

A fee charged for the use of credit or the extension of existing credit. May be a flat fee or a percentage of borrowings, with percentage-based finance charges being the most common.

Fixed Expenses

Expenses that are constant from month to month

Fixed rate loan

A loan that has a fixed interest rate for the entire term of the loan.

Gross Income

An individual's total personal income before taking taxes or deductions into account

Interest rate formula

When you know the principal amount, the rate and the time. The amount of interest can be calculated by using the formula I = Prt. Interest = Principle x rate x time

Intermediate term goals

A goal that can achieved within 5 years

Investment Pyramid

An investment strategy in which an investor diversifies the risk of his/her portfolio while also leaving the possibility for a large return. One does this by putting most of the investor's money in low risk investment vehicles, followed by putting a moderate amount of money in medium risk investments, and finally placing a small amount of money in high risk, speculative investments.

Needs

Things that are required in order to live

Net Income

An individual's income after deductions, credits and taxes are factored into gross income.

Passive Income

Earnings an individual derives from a rental property, limited partnership or other enterprise in which he or she is not actively involved.

PYF

A phrase commonly used in personal finance and retirement planning literature that means to automatically route your specified savings contribution from each paycheck at the time it is received.

Risk

The uncertainty associated with any investment. This is the possibility that the actual return on an investment will be different from its expected return.

ROI

the amount of profit, before tax and after depreciation, from an investment made, usually expressed as a percentage of the original total cost invested.

Rule of 72

An Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rule that allows for penalty-free withdrawals from an IRA account. The rule requires that, in order for the IRA owner to take penalty-free early withdrawals, he or she must take at least five "substantially equal periodic

Smart Goals

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic & Timely

Sources of Income

where all of your income comes from

Take home pay

The money that an individual actually receives from working after employment taxes and the cost of benefits and retirement contributions are subtracted. Is calculated by taking an individual's monthly gross income and subtracting federal income tax.
Time Value of Money

The idea that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because the dollar received today can earn interest up until the time the future dollar is received.

Variable Expenses

An expense that fluctuates on a monthly basis (electric bill)

variable rate loan

A loan whos interest rate varies over the term of the loan.

Wants

Those things which make our lives more comfortable but are not needed for survival

Good Study Habits
Read the answers really well so you understand them on the final

Deck Info

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