Personal Financial Study Guide
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
4 C’s of credit
- Capacity, Collateral, capital and character
-
Capacity
-
Do you have the ability to pay the loan? Do you have a job or another income source? Do you have other debts?
-
Capital
-
what are you worth? Do you have other assets, such as a savings account, car, or certificate of deposit that could be used to repay the debt?
-
character
-
will you repay the loan? Have you used credit before? Do you pay your bills on time?
-
Collateral
-
Property or other assets that a borrower offers a lender to secure a loan. If the borrower stops making the promised loan payments, the lender can seize the collateral to recoup its losses.
-
Compounding
-
Interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan. Compound interest can be thought of as “interest on interest,†and will make a deposit or loan grow at a faster rate than simple in
-
Credit history
-
A record of a consumer's ability to repay debts and demonstrated responsibility in repaying debts.
-
Credit ratio
-
A credit ratio (or debt-to-income ratio) basically is the percentage of your income that is taken up by your debt obligations. Lenders look at this percentage to help them decide whether or not you are a good credit risk.
-
Diversification
-
Reducing risk by investing in a variety of assets.
-
Dividends
-
a sum of money paid to shareholders of a corporation out of earnings.
-
Dollar Cost averaging
-
An investment strategy designed to reduce volatility in which securities, typically mutual funds, are purchased in fixed dollar amounts at regular intervals, regardless of what direction the market is moving. Thus, as prices of securities rise, fewer units are bought, and as prices fall, more units are bought
-
FICO
-
A FICO score is a credit score derived from the credit model developed by Fair Isaac Corporation.
-
Finance charge
-
A fee charged for the use of credit or the extension of existing credit. May be a flat fee or a percentage of borrowings, with percentage-based finance charges being the most common.
-
Fixed Expenses
-
Expenses that are constant (fixed) from month to month
-
Fixed rate loan
-
A loan that has a fixed interest rate for the entire term of the loan.
-
Gross Income
-
An individual's total personal income before taking taxes or deductions into account
-
Interest rate formula
-
When you know the principal amount, the rate and the time. The amount of interest can be calculated by using the formula I = Prt. Interest = Principle x rate x time
-
Intermediate term goals
-
goal is a goal that can achieved within 5 years
-
Investment Pyramid
-
An investment strategy in which an investor diversifies the risk of his/her portfolio while also leaving the possibility for a large return. One does this by putting most of the investor's money in low risk investment vehicles; this forms the "base" of the pyramid. One then puts a moderate amount of money in medium risk investments, and finally forms the "top" of the pyramid by placing a small amount of money in high risk, speculative investments.
-
Needs
-
Things that are required in order to live
-
Net Income
-
An individual's income after deductions, credits and taxes are factored into gross income. Deductions and credits are subtracted from gross income to arrive at taxable income, which is used to calculate income tax. Net income is income tax subtracted from
-
Passive Income
-
Earnings an individual derives from a rental property, limited partnership or other enterprise in which he or she is not actively involved.
-
PYF
-
A phrase commonly used in personal finance and retirement planning literature that means to automatically route your specified savings contribution from each paycheck at the time it is received. Because the savings contributions are automatically routed from each paycheck to your investment account, this process is said to be "paying yourself first"; in other words, paying yourself before you begin paying your monthly living expenses and making discretionary purchases.
-
Risk
-
The uncertainty associated with any investment. That is, risk is the possibility that the actual return on an investment will be different from its expected return.
- ROI
-
the amount of profit, before tax and after depreciation, from an investment made, usually expressed as a percentage of the original total cost invested.
-
Rule of 72
-
An Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rule that allows for penalty-free withdrawals from an IRA account. The rule requires that, in order for the IRA owner to take penalty-free early withdrawals, he or she must take at least five "substantially equal periodic
-
Smart Goals
-
Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic & Timely
-
Sources of Income
-
where all of your income comes from
-
Take home pay
-
The money that an individual actually receives from working after employment taxes and the cost of benefits and retirement contributions are subtracted. Take-home pay is calculated by taking an individual's monthly gross income and subtracting federal inc
-
Time Value of Money
-
The idea that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because the dollar received today can earn interest up until the time the future dollar is received.
-
Variable Expenses
-
An expense that fluctuates on a monthly basis (electric bill)
-
variable rate loan
-
A loan whos interest rate varies over the term of the loan.
-
Wants
-
Those things which make our lives more comfortable but are not needed for survival
- no
- your not still using this list to study are you?