Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Plato
- greek philosopher who stressed he importance of reason, distrusted democracy
- Dorian Invasions
- invaded Laconia and established Sparta
- Aristotle
- philosopher who questioned how people should live and live between two extremes, promoted reason
- Democracy
- rule by the people
- Cleisthenes
- -athenian tyrant, created council of 500
- Minoans
- -first greek speaking civilization, sea traders
- Hellenistic Age
- the blending of cultures that developed after the death of alexander
- Hellenic Culture
- Alexander's blending of cultures especially egyptian and grecian
- Persian Wars
- -Athens interfered with Persians, Persians attacked Athens, Athens formed Delian League, Athens won
- Phalanx
- a military strategy of armed foot soldiers
- Monarchy
- hereditary ruler who has the divine right to rule
- Polis
- a greek city state consisting of a city and its surrounding land
- Pericles
- great Athenian leader during golden age of Athens who made many reforms like the stipend
- Solon
- -athenian leader who made reforms in favor of the the poor (no more debt slavery), council of 400
- Sparta
- military oriented city-state
- Pisistratus
- -greek tyrant who helped the poor by giving land and loans from nobles
- Helots
- natives who were commanded to be slaves by Spartans
- Socrates
- Athenian philosopher who helped others seek truth and self-knowledge, condemned to death for "not respecting the gods"
- Ephors
- 5 elected officials who ran daily affairs
- Athens
- art and culture oriented greek city state, cultural center
- Alexander the Great
- -great persian leader and conquerer who was tutored by aristotle
- Mycenaeans
- greek sea traders who invaded and took over Minoan civilization
- Delian League
- alliance of greek city-states headed by Athens
- Oligarchy
- power by a small wealthy elite
- Homer
- great poet who created the Illiad and the Odyssey
- Peloponnesian Wars
- 27 year war between Athens and Sparta (and their alliances)
- Herodotus
- Father of History, stressed the importance of reasearch and accuracy
- Acropolis
- "high city" where great temples stood on top of hill
- Ostracism
- banishing those who they saw as a threat to democracy
- Tyranny
- people who gained ruling power by force
- Aristocracy
- power by hereditary landowning elite
- Hoplite
- middle class armored soldiers
- Thucydides
- historian who stressed the importance of avoiding bias