wars
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- 1. What was the most important part of the Greek army in the late archaic period?
- ⬢ Heavily armed foot soldiers known as hoplites
- 2. What was the regiment in a Greek army called?
- ⬢ Phyle
- 3. What battle tactics were used by the Greek army?
- ⬢ Phalanx
- 4. What would a Greek soldier be outfitted in?
- Cuirasses helmets boots and were armed with long spears and swords
- 5. Describe a trireme.
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⬢ Fast and easy to maneuver
⬢ 41m long 6 m wide
⬢ In good sea conditions they could reach speeds of around 16km/hour
⬢ Each oar was 4m long
⬢ Sail was probably make of linen
⬢ Prow of ship equipped with a bronze ram, was used to sink enemy ship
⬢ Front of ship was decorated with a painted eye to scare the enemy
⬢ Steered from two oars at stern
⬢ Fast and easy to maneuver
⬢ 41m long 6 m wide
⬢ In good sea conditions they could reach speeds of around 16km/hour
⬢ Each oar was 4m long
⬢ Sail was probably make of linen
⬢ Prow of ship equipped with a bronze ram, was used to sink enemy ship
⬢ Front of ship was decorated with a painted eye to scare the enemy
⬢ Steered from two oars at stern - 6. Who would be on board a trireme?
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⬢ Crews of up to 200 men
⬢ 170 were rowers
⬢ Carried a number of archers and soldiers who traveled on upper deck
⬢ Captain of ship, called a trierarch
⬢ Professional sailor - 7. What was the cause of the Persian wars?
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⬢ Greeks were threatened by Persians
⬢ As Persians expanded their empire westwards they tried to seize Greek territory
⬢ Persians conquered Ionian states on west coast of Asia minor
⬢ Ionians became discontented with Persian rule and rebelled helped by navel force from Athens and Eretria, Persians crushed their revolt
⬢ Start of a series of wars between Greeks and Persians. - 8. How was Philip able to unify Macedon within 25 years?
- ⬢ He had united the country extended the frontiers and turned Macedonia into the greatest military power of he day.
- How did Philip die?
- • He was assassin soon after he took another wife in 337bc the assassin could have been a political opponent but it is possible that Olympia’s or Alexander had paid him
- 10. What was a major accomplishment of Alexander the Great?
- ⬢ He had the largest empire in the ancient world and the title of Alexander the great
- 11. What happened after Alexander’s death?
- ⬢ The generals soon divided the empire up between themselves
- 12. In point form summarize the Battle of Marathon. (5 marks)
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• Persians did not forgive Athens and eretria for helping the Ionians
• Before the battle the Athenians send pheidippedes the fastest runner in Greece to bring help from Sparta, but they couldn’t come
• The Greeks had been watching the Persians from the hills around marathon and decided to take them by surprise
• They attack won the day for the Athenians they drove the Persians back to their ships and the Persians suffered heavy losses
• On the shoreline the Athenians overpowered seven Persian ships but the rest sailed away. - 13. In point form summarize the Battle of Thermopylae. (5 marks)
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⬢ Small army of Spartans and Boeotians were able to prevent Persians of getting through
⬢ Greek traitor showed them another way through
⬢ Leonidas knew he would be outnumbered so he sent away most of soldiers to safety
⬢ He fought with what little troops he had left
⬢ Hopelessly outnumbered and were all killed - 14. In point form summarize the Battle of Salamis. (5 marks)
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⬢ After Thermopylae Persians moved south to attack Athens
⬢ Athenians asked oracle of Delphi what they should do, it said they would be saved by wooden walls
⬢ Athens was abandoned all people fled to other parts of Greece
⬢ Greek army and naval fleet went to salamis and awaited the Persians.
⬢ Leader sent false message saying Greek fleet was planning to escape in the night.
⬢ Persians were lured into the narrow waters of the salamis channel. The Persians were unable to maneuver in narrow waters and after a battle they were defeated - 15. In point form summarize the Battle of Platae. (5 marks)
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⬢ Xerxes saw his fleet scattered and destroyed, and decided to gather his army and go back to Asia.
⬢ He left behind half of his army
⬢ The half of his army moved south and was met by around 1000,000 Greeks from almost all city-states.
⬢ Persians were crushed
⬢ At the same tie the Greek navy attacked and burned the Persian fleet, while it beached on the coast of Asia minor - 16. What was the Delian League and why was it formed?
- ⬢ Members of the league contributed ships and money to provide navy to defend them. Many Greeks believed that it was only a matter of time before the Persians tried to avenger their defeat and this was to get them ready.
- 17. Why did the relationship between Athens and Sparta deteriorate following the Persian Wars?
- ⬢ The Greeks and Persians continued to fight over various territories around the Mediterranean such as Egypt Cyprus and Ionia. They then signed a peace treaty with Persia but Greeks continued to dislike and fear the Persians.