Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Democracy
- government where the people have all the power
- Pericles
- lead Athens after the Persian Wars, was very successful and ran Athens in a direct-democracy
- Hellenistic Age
- from Alexander's death to about 100 A.D
- Sparta
- a strict Greek city-state who focused on it's military
- Dorian Invasions
- the invasions of the Dorians from the North that took over the Mycenaeans
- Peloponnesian Wars
- the war between Sparta and Athens that lasted for 27 years
- Helots
- the people who the Spartans took over and made into slaves
- Thucydides
- and Athenian wrote about the Peloponnesian War
- Minoans
- the first Greek civilization located in Crete, trade based city
- Archon
- chief official
- Delian League
- an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians
- Monarchy
- government where a king or queen has all the power
- Phalanx
- a tactical formation of foot soldiers
- Ephors
- 5 people who ran day-to-day affairs
- Herodotus
- "Father of History"; focused on research and non-bias history
- Pisistratus
- the tyrant who took power in 546 B.C who gave the poor citizens a greater voice; a step in moving closer to democracy
- Oligarchy
- government where a few people have all the power
- Solon
- a leader who transformed Athens and made it into more of a democracy
- Persian Wars
- battles fought between Athens and Persia
- Mycenaeans
- civilization that conquered the Minoans and improved Greek civilization, sea based trade
- Polis
- a Greek-city state with a certain amount of land
- Cleisthenes
- in 507 B.C took power and made a council pf 500 who were citizens over the age of 30 and they prepared laws and looked over government work
- Tyranny
- government where the power was taken by force
- Socrates
- a Sophist philosopher who wrote nothing down and questioned people about their beliefs, he was put on trial and died when he was 70 for corrupting the city's youth and failing to respect the gods
- Hellenic Culture
- -
- Athens
- a greek city-state that emphasized arts, writing, culture, and athletics
- Acropolis
- highest point in a city-state where shrines for the gods were located
- Aristocracy
- government where a rich or privileged person has all the power
- Ostracism
- the process of getting rid of those who were thought to be a threat towards democarcy; left for about 10 years
- Alexander the Great
- a great leader who took over a vast amount of land, stretching from Egypt to India, at a young age
- Homer
- a famous poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Plato
- student of Socrates;set up a school called the Academy; he taught and wrote down his ideas of reason
- Hoplite
- a heavily armed Greek soldier
- Aristotle
- student of Plato; analyzed all types of government and found good and bad about all of them, he favored monarchy in the end and he addressed the the question of how people ought to live