Western Civilization Midterm
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- Thermopylae
- the Greeks sent about 7000 soldiers to gaurd the pass, for two days they held off the Persians but on the 2nd day, a traitor led the persians through a secret pass so they could attack from behind. Most of the Greeks retreated but 300 Spartan soldiers stayed and fought.
- Phillip II
- King of Macedonia; father of Alexander the Great.
- Archaic Age
- 800-500 BC???
- plataea
- a defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks in 479 BC; Need more info
- Ramses II
- best ruler of Egypt, ruled for 67 years, made treaty with hittites first treaty in history
- Neolithic Age
- "New Stone Age"; About 10,000 years ago marked by advances in the production of stone tools. Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture
- Pythagoras
- Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem
- Paleolithic Age
- "Old Stone Age"; First use of stone tools until about 10,000 B.C.E.
- Agora
- a place of assembly for the people in ancient Greece
- Thucydides
- Unbiased account of the peloponnnisan war
- Aton
- minor son god (whose symbol is the sun plate) Briefly worshipped by all egyptians thanks to Akhenaton
- Anthropologist
- A person who studies cultures
- acropolis
- in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill which was sometimes the site of temples and public
- valley of the Kings
- area near Thebes where the Egyptian rulers of the New Kingdom built splendid tombs
- Classical Age
- 500-300???
- Illiad
- Homer's poem narrates a dispute between Agamemnon the king and his warrior Achilles, whose honor is wounded and then avenged
- Odyssey
- a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy
- Akhenaton
- early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC) Moved the Capital away from thebes.
- socrates
- Devoted himself to discussion with the aristocratic young citizens of Athens, qestioning the truth of popular opinions. Charged with corrupting the youth of Athens they sentenced him to death in 399 B.C.E. Accepting this outcome, Socrates drank hemlock and died
- Archimedes
- found pie, law of lever, invented compound principle and Archimedes screw, catipult
- Prehistory
- Before anything was written down
- Parthenon
- the main temple of the goddess Athena
- Agricultural Revolution
- Herding and Domestication Emerge, Specilation of Jobs Emerge, thus bring about villages and Cities.
- New Kingdom
- 18th-20th dynasties - rulers like Akhenaton, Hatshepsut, Tuthankhamen These rulers were in the 18th dynasty(called the Amarna Period) Ruled by Hykus for 200 years
- Ma'at
- a word which was used by the egyptians to speak of the virtues of a good life.
- Alexander the Great
- successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement
- Old Kingdom
- the age of pyramids. when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization complexity and achievement
- Knossos
- an ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC
- Herodotus
- Biased account of the peloponnisian war
- Salamis
- naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae
- Euclid
- He is the father of geometry and wrote a book explaining geometry that was used as a text book till the 1900
- Themistocles
- Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)
- King Tut
- Found in the Valley of the Kings, nothing Stolen, very young
- Pyramids
- Massive tombs used for pharohs and kings, used only in the
- Hellenistic Age
- The Hellenistic period of Ancient Greek history was the period between the death of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) in 323 BC and the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence.
- Menes
- king of upper egypt united the two kingdoms of upper and lower egypt
- Plato
- PEOPLE TO KNOW: A Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle.
- battle of Guagemela
- idk
- Cleopatra
- (31 B.C.) - She was the queen of Egypt known as a Ptolemaic ruler. She became queen when her dad died and she and her brother was not old enough to rule. She and Julius Caesar had an affair and they had a child together and named it Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra may have wanted to rule together but he was assassinated before they got the chance. Later she became married to Marc Antony which was supposed to be a peace maker between Rome and Egypt and Antony was still going to rule with Octavian. Octavian did not approve and attacked Egypt. Cleopatra and Marc Antony decided to kill themselves rather than having it done by Octavian.
- Archeologist
- an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture
- Middle Kingdom
- no more pyramids, pharoh had less power, & they traded with outside countries
- Hatsepshut
- First female leader of all time, ruled for 26 years, good leader, opened trade to mesapotomia
- Aristotle
- philosopher who wrote more than 200 books from politics to astronomy; made Lyceum and Assembly, two schools
- persian War
- conflict between Persia and Greece; Persia wanted to punish Athens for helping another city- state
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece