Greek philosophy review
greek philosophy terms and people to know
Terms
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- mystery religions
- cults that helped Greeks have hope of afterlife and spiritual mysteries answered
- Ionic
- have a base and curled capital- based on ratio of female measurements - female columns
- Aristophanes
- one the first comedic playwrights- attacked politicians/intellectuals
- "Athenian"
- red figure vase that shows seizing of Cassandra and murder of Priam; symbolizes athens after sack of the persians - identified with trojans
- Empedocles
- 4 monarches- fire, water, air, earth; theory of pluralism -- attraction and repulsion
- Aristotle
- his ideas played a huge role in the development of western thought during the Middle Ages
- Corinthian
- have most ornate capital and base; used more by Romans; "girl going to Homecoming" column
- symposium
- male drinking party
- "Centaur Frieze"
- marble frieze that shows persians symbolizes Persians as mythological beast and enemy
- Doric
- have no base, simple capital; based on ratio of of human male's foot length to his heigh; male column
- Herodotus
- author of "Persian Wars" who wrote an important source of info on Persians and the Persian Wars
- "Amazon"
- portrayed persians as the amazon warriors being beaten in battle - exalted greek superiority over persian and male superiority over female
- Thucydides
- wrote "The History of the Peloponnesian War" and was the best historian of the ancient world
- stoa
- elongated collonade that shelters from elements; symbol of "civic obligation"
- Classical Style
- was meant to civilize emotions: based on ideals of reason, moderation, symmetry, balance and harmony in all things
- Parthenon
- temple constructed with illusion of symmetry and depicted perfect order - ornementation intended for gods, not man
- Aeschylus
- wrote 90 tragedies; important because he was the first tragedian whose plays are known to us
- "Delphi Charioteer"
- bronze statue; bronze is easier to mold and allows for greater fluidity and detail of form
- "Politics"
- book in which Aristotle chose the best form of government
- "Achilles Armor"
- red figure vase that shows quarrel between odysseus and ajax over achilles' armor; casting of psephoi (pebbles thrown by greek heroes) was typical of courts in 5th century greece - democratic idea of casting vote instead of mycenean war idea
- "The Tyrannicides"
- bronze sculpture that depicted Harmondius and Aristogeiton (heroes) assassinating Hipparchus; by fixing "birth of democracy" on assassins, the greeks erased memory of sparta's helping in ridding athens of Hippias
- Thrasymachus
- attack of justice (law and order - foundation of polis)
- Oracle of Apollo at Delphi
- most famous greek oracle
- "The Republic"
- dialogue about Plato's ideas of ideal government that functioned harmoniously
- metics
- resident foreigners
- Pythagorus
- philosopher whose monarches were music and numbers; made pythagorean theorem
- "Discobolos"
- bronze statue that puts emphasis on beauty of human form and glory of athletiscism
- Socrates
- poor philosopher who was accused of corrupting the youth and made the Socratic method
- Drama
- created by Greeks; important because it educated Greek citizens
- Thales
- monarche - water; postulated unity of universe
- Sophocles
- great Athenian playwright who wrote "Oedipus the King"
- Parthenon
- most famous building temple consecrated to Athena
- Euripides
- skeptic who who questioned moral/religous values and wrote more complex plots
- rhetoric
- art of persuasive speaking that was valuable in athens
- Plato
- greatest philosopher of western civilization who focused on the concept of Ideal Forms
- Sophists
- group of philosophers who were a complexity lacking judgement whose chief goal was misleading people
- Philosophy
- "friend or love of wisdom" -- followers all sought to answer "why?"
- Socratic Method
- question and answer technique invented by Socrates that helps the pupil see things for themselves using their own reason
- Gorgias
- his goal was not truth, but rhetoric -- turned his back on true philosophy; believed that all statements were false and that everything in incomprehensible and unknowable
- hetairi
- musically and intellectually gifted prostitutes who achieved fortune and renown