Byzantium Chapter 7
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
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Birth of the Byzantine Empire
300's
400's
500's -
300's - Roman empire begins to split in half
-East - Constantinople rule
-West Roman rule
400's - West - besieged by Northern
tribes - arts and literature
shaky
- East - unscathed - arts and
literature flourish
492 - final collapse of West
500's - Justinian and Theodora -
Justinian and Theodora
what did they do/have built? -
unified east and west
launched building projects
-great monuments
Hagia Sohpia in Constantinople
The Ravenna Churches (Italy - near Venice) -
Byzantine empire
oriented towards where -
Byzantine Empire - towards Greece (east)
Constantinople - was Istanbul -
The Hagia Sophia
dates built
significance - crowning achievement of Justinian's reign -
532-37
larget building ever constructed in that empire -
The Hagia Sophia
architects
what about it architecturally makes is special? -
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
unified 2 ways of making church -
The Hagia Sophia
interior aesthetic -
* 1. Vast volume of nave
2. walls extremely high
* 3. curves and lines interact with
eachother
4. nature of dome - windows at base
-light from all angles
-dome "floats"
Victor Was Crying Loudly - Justinian quote re Hagia Sophia
- "Solomon, I have outbuilt you."
-
Ravenna
300's
402
400-500 - on next slide -
300's - Roman Empire split in 2
-East - Constantinople
-West - Rome
402 - Capital of West shifts to Ravenna
- b/c of northern attacks
- started building things -
Ravenna
400-500's -
becomes home to some of West's greatest buildings/monuments
*Mausoleum of Golla Placidia (425-426)
Neonian Baptistry (Orthodox) (450's)
Arian Baptistry
Tomb of Theodoric (early 500's)
*Church of Sant' Apollinare Nuoro (533-49)
*Church of San Vitale (525-47)
Maverick Nathan -
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
yrs built
who to
who by -
425 - 426
devoted to St. Lawrence
built by Justinian and Theodora -
Mausoluem of Galla Placidia
exterior
interior -
exterior - not impressive - has sunk into soil
interior - some of the greatest works of art
------mosaics------
-relfect light in unusual ways
-covered wall to wall w/ mosaics
-deep sky blue - dominant color
barrel vaulted ceiling - Persian carpet design
-blue, medallions
-symbolize constellations -
Christ as the Good Shepherd
what is it
where is it -
mosaic
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia -
Christ as the Good Shepherd
characteristics -
lunette mosaic
-semi-oval structure
framed by wave mosaic
Christ shown beardless
spiral quality of Christ's body
-sense of upward lift
abstract treatment of shrubbery, rocks etc.
no attemplt to be 3-dimensional or realistic -
The Martyrdom of St. Lawrence
when
where -
400's
Mausoleum of Saint Lawrence -
The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence
characteristics -
Lunette
wave motif
persian carpet design - constellations
cabinet with 4 gospels
grid iron he was killed on - flames
------abstract------
grid iron
flames
gospels
sharp lines and color changes
drapery - not naturally falling-tubular -
the Church of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo
where
when built by
what type of building -
Ravenna
early 500's
built by Theodoric, emperor of the Goths
basilica style structure -
The Church of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo
Southwall Mosaic
characteristics (layers) -
------layers------
procession of male saints (lower)
prophets and apostles (btwn)
scenes from the gospels (uppers) -
The Church of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo
North wall mosaic
characteristics -
1. procession of female saints behind the Three Magi
2. the enthroned Madonna
abstract - no individuality
works reflect the values of these Christians
-less focused on humans and human reason
-focused on God and uniformity -
The Church of Sant' Apollinare
Jesus Calls the apostles Peter and Andrew -
freefloating figures
halo -
The Church of Sant' Apollinare
Three Magi bearing gifts -
background shallow
flat
every surface repeated with same pattern -
Church of San Vitale
when built
shape
what is it known for -
built 525
octogan shaped
known for mosaics - reveal presence of Justinian -
Church of Sant' Apollinare
artwork list -
Southwall mosaic
Northwall mosaic
Theodoric's palace
Jesus calls the apostles Peter + Andrew
Three Magi bearing gifts
The Saints Never Tempt Jesus -
Church of San Vitale
artwork list -
Christ enthroned
Emperor Justinian and courtiers
Empress Theodora and retinue -
Church of San Vitalis
Christ enthroned -
beardless Christ
clothed in purple
-become imperial color
4 rivers of paradise
book of 7 seals - Revelation
----abtract----
floating people
tubular drapery
shallow scene - decoration behind
faces - impersonal -
Church of San Vitale
Emperor Justinian and courtiers -
abstract, stylized
Justinian = mediator btwen Church and state
-thinks he is Christ's figure on earth-halo
-robed in purple - royalty/deity
gold - symbolizes royalty
green - outside world -
Church of San Vitale
Empress Theodora
what devices "monumentalize" the figures? -
solemnity
weightlessness
elongated proportions
slender feet - royaly - not working
faces expressionless
wearing lavish costumes -
Church of San Vitale
How are Justinian and Theodora elevated above the sorrounding figures? -
wearing royal purple
lavish jewelry
folds of drapery of Theodora - more lavish
put in central position
wearing different shoes
halos
more active - holding something -
St. Augustine
known as - "Bishop of Hippo"
-
St. Augustine
life in context - look in notes if you really care
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Augustine Bio Overview
born
home?
lived in...
type of life
literary output -
b AD 34 in Algeria - tumultuous political conditions
divided household
-mother Christian, father pagan
led carnal life
-felt guilty as he aged
-wants to embrace pure life
"Confessions" -
St. Augustine's "Confessions"
What kind of work is it -
Autobiographical
confessions
wrties abotu interior thought -
St. Augustine's "Confessions"
what has it been called -
the greates single contribution to Western Philosphy
also one of the most dramatic turns in world philosphy
-writes abotu what he thinks and feels
-allows admission into his psyche -
St. Augustine's "Confessions"
What new idea is introduced - it's only the hereafter that matters