Govt
Terms
undefined, object
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- what is the constitution
- the supreme law
- military Intervention
- use the military in a certian part of the world to solve a problem
- Amendment 5
- Criminal proceedings, due process, eminent domain
- ex post facto law
- Latin term meaning "after the fact"; the law makes criminal an act that was legal when it was commited, increases the penalty for a crime after it have been commited
- Desegragition
- to end preference based on race
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- A state legislature imposed a tax on the branch of the national bank that was in one of its cities. Supreme court said no
- Marbury v. Madison
- A midnight appointee of the Adams administration sued for his commission. Chief Justice Marshall said the law that gave the courts the power to rule over this issue was unconstitutional. established judicial review
- Grand Jury
- A body of 16-23 citizens who listen to evidence of criminal allegations, which is presented by the prosecutors, and determine whether there is probable cause to believe an individual committed an offense. See also indictment and U.S. attorney.
- spread of democracy
- try to encourage other nations to have demcracy so we can accomplish more
- World Bank
- provides funds to developing nations for projects that make things more stable
- probable_cause
- (law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure
- Brown v. Board of Education
- Court ruled that separate facilities were not equal. Instructed integration. Overturned Plessy v. Furgeson
- congressional districts
- the area that a member of congress represents
- double jeopardy
- part of the 5th Amendment which says that no person can be put in jeopardy of life or limb twice. Once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime
- International red cross
- provides medical and humanitarian aid to refugees and people in crisis
- Diplomacy
- talk out and negotiate problems with another nation
- United Nations (U.N.)
- peace keeping organization that uses diplomacy to discuss solutions
- Plessy v. Furgeson
- Somebody was made to sit in the black train car because he was an octoroon (1/8 black). Railroad company was on his side because they paid too much to maintain seperate cars. Established "seperate but equal" clause
- President
- Signs executive orders
- Senate
- must be 30, 9 years of citizenship, 6 year terms, 100 members vece president, no limit on terms served
- House
- 2 years of service
- intrest groups
- groups of people that who work together for similar intrests or goals
- Eminent Domain
- The authority of the government to take private land for public use with just compensation. Made possible by the 5th amendment
- income_tax
- a personal tax levied on annual income
- lobbyists
- people who represent intrest groups
- Interest Rates
- Monetary policy tool (a charge on those who barrow money)
- slander
- an abusive attack on a person's character or good name
- International Monetary fund
- Provides short term loans to nations in need to try to stableize nations' economies
- Dred Scott v. Sanford
- A slave from Missouri was taken to Illinois where he sued for his freedom on the basis that he was living in a free state. The supreme court ruled that he had no standing since he was a slave and apparently not a citizen
- zoning
- local plan for development of land
- judicial branch
- the part of government that interprets and applies laws
- Smartgrowth
- state plan for development that preserves natural resources
- economic sanction
- US cuts off trade or assistance with a country which will hurt their ecomemy to pursuade them to make decisions that we support
- Jurisdiction
- authority to hear certain cases
- Monetary policy
- Actions by the federal reserve to maintain stability in the Economy throught the control money flow
- Tinker v. Des Moines
- Armbands in school and other such 'passive' protests are allowed in schools because a students rights are not revoked at the door
- NAFTA
- North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada
- confederation
- a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power.
- Civil Rights Act
- Forbids discrimination in places of public accommodation based on age,race,Ethnicity, or religon
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- A military alliance originally formed to fight communism/ Military from member nations band together to intervene in international issues
- Census
- periodic(every 10 years) count and estimation of the population
- search_warrant
- a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court
- senate
- 6 years of service
- Monetary Policy
- The management of the money supply and interest rates
- Amendment 19
- Women guaranteed the right to vote
- Foreign Aid
- US gives money,medicine and supplies to countrys in need to promote favorable relations
- McCullough VS Maryland
- Necessary and Proper clause (Elastic Clause)
- Brown v. Board of Education
- Actually 4 cases: Thurgood Marshall argues that Plessy v. Ferguson is unconstitutional under "equal protection" of 14th Amendment; • May 17, 1954 : Chief Justice Earl Warren declares separate is inherently UNEQUAL
- sprawl
- spread of citys into suburbs and countryside
- market_economy
- an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices
- medicaid
- Health care for people under 65 and living in poverty
- Affirmative Action
- a policy that requires most employers take positive steps to remedy the effects of past discriminations
- command economy
- An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.
- Title IX (9)
- Required schools to provide equal athletic opportunities for females as provides for male students
- Amendment 2
- Right to keep/bear arms
- Fiscal Policy
- The federal government efforts to keep the economy stable by increasing or decreasing taxes or government spending
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Helps to open trade and reduce tarrifs (taxes) between mexico the united states and canada
- writ of habeas corpus
- a court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments
- indictment
- if grand jury believes there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial, it issues an
- unitary
- characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority
- national security
- keeping the U.S. safe from outside threats
- Amendment 1
- Freedom of Press, Petitiion, Assembly & Speech
- Economic well being
- keeping the dollar and ecomemy
- Marbury VS Madison
- Established Judicial Review
- welfare
- government payments to help those living in poverty who are looking for a job
- Amendment 4
- Protection from illegal searches & seizures
- bail
- the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial)
- Federal Reserve
- Bank of the united states leaders make monetary policy decisions
- federation
- a strong alliance of states with one central government
- medicare
- Health care for people over 65
- civil rights
- right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equ
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- the Court ruled that defendants accused of any felony in state jurisdictions are entitled to a lawyer and that the states must supply a lawyer when a defendant cannot afford to do so; Incorporates the sixth amendments guarantee of legal counsel
- Affirmative Action
- Plan to remedy past discrimination by providing opportunities in business and education for women and minorities
- social security
- Retirement paid to elderly
- due_process
- (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles
- Media
- influences policy throught their decisions (EX Fox)
- traditional economy
- An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.