Science Unit Test
Terms
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- corrosion
- a slow chemical change that happens when a metal reacts with oxygen to form oxide
- Mendeleev's periodic law
- a statement summarizing that elements arranged in order of increasing atomic mass reflect a pattern in which similar properties occur regularly
- excited state
- when an electron is energizes sufficiently to jumps to a higher orbit
- standard atomic notation
- an internationally recognized system used to identify chemical substances
- ductile
- a physical property that allows a solid to be pulled into wires
- metal
- a solid that is generally shiny, malleable and a good conductor for electricity and heat
- radioisotope
- an atom with an unstable nucleus
- decay
- splitting apart of unstable nuclei to produce radioactive particles
- nuclear model
- Ernest Rutherford's model of an atom describing a dense positive nucleus around which negative electrons appear to occupy a large amount of space
- ion
- an atom that is charged from gaining or losing one or more electrons
- modern periodic law
- a law stating that elements arranges in order of increasing atomic number reflect a pattern in which similar properties occur regularly
- Alloy
- a metal made of a mixture of two or more different metals
- spectrum
- the band of colours produces when light splits into it's component frequencies
- malleable
- the physical property that allows a shape to bend without breaking
- atomic number
- the number of protons in the atom
- heterogeneous mixture
- a substance where the different components are identifiable and can be separated
- subatomic particle
- the protons, neutrons and electrons that make up atoms
- Brittle
- a physical property of a substance that shatters easily
- precipitate
- a solid insoluble material that forms in a liquid solution
- ground state
- the low-energy state that is the normal orbit of an electron
- flammable
- chemical property of a substance that allows it to burn when exposed to flame and oxygen
- viscosity
- refers to how easy a liquid flows
- crystal form
- substances that can form crystals or are crystals
- mass number
- the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
- charge
- a negative or positive quantity of electricity that builds up on an object
- solubility
- the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
- orbit (2)
- a circular or elliptical path followed by one object as it revolves around a much larger object
- chemical symbol
- an abbreviation for the name of an element
- orbit (1)
- a circular path around the nucleus associated with individual electrons
- hydrocarbon
- compound containing hydrogen and carbon; found in fossil fuels
- isotope
- any two or more forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- combustible
- a property that allows a substance to burn when exposed to a flame and oxygen
- physical properties
- a characteristic of a substance that can be used to identify it.
- halogens
- reactive nonmetals that occur in different states and occupy the seventeenth column of the periodic table
- bond
- forces that hold atoms together
- compounds
- pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion
- chemical change
- a substance becomes a new substance (by combining or decomposing)
- hardness
- a measure of resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented
- atomic model
- theory proposed by John Dalton to explain why elements differ from each other and from non-elements
- energy level
- the circular path or orbit around the nucleus associated with individual electrons
- proton
- a positively charged particle located in the nucleus with a relative mass of 1
- chemical group
- the set of elements that appear in the same column in the periodic table
- combining capacity
- the ability for a substance to combine with another element
- chemical formula
- combination of symbols that represent a particular compound
- reactants
- substances participating in a chemical reaction
- products
- the substances resulting from a chemical reaction
- atom
- the particles in the particle theory
- noble gases
- inert gases found on the far right column of the periodic table that almost never form chemical compounds with other elements
- atomic radius
- the average distance from the nucleus to the "outer edge" of the spherical atom
- radioactive
- the state of an unstable element in which the nuclei may break apart ejecting very high-energy particles
- CFCs
- chlorofluorocarbons; made of carbon, fluorine and chlorine
- periodic table
- an organized arrangement of elements that explains and predicts physical and chemical properties
- Bohr-Rutherford Diagram
- a diagram summarizing the numbers and positions of all three subatomic particles in an atom
- mixture
- a substance containing two or more pure substances
- composite
- a material formed by combining two other materials
- atomic mass
- the average mass of an atom of an element
- mineral
- a naturally occurring compound sometimes containing metal combines with oxygen, sulfur and other elements
- period
- the horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
- fossil fuel
- coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline formed from the long buried remains of organisms
- solution
- a mixture made up of liquids, solids or gases
- electrolysis
- the use of electricity to cause chemical changes in solutions
- combustion
- chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and releases energy
- flame test
- a technique using a flame to determine the identity of a metal
- metalloids
- elements that have properties of both metallic and nonmetallic
- Bohr Diagram
- diagram representing the electronic structure of an element, that comprises electrons in a series of concentric circles
- density
- the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter
- alkali metals
- elements that occupy the far left column of the periodic table
- matter
- anything that has a mass or takes up space
- molecule
- a combination of two or more atoms
- physical change
- change in the form or state of a substance that doesn't change to original substance
- neutron
- a neutral particle located in the nucleus with a relative mass of 1
- chemical property
- the characteristics that occur when one substance interacts with another substance
- word equation
- way of indicating a chemical change between substances
- electron
- a negatively charges particle with a relative mass of 1/2000 of the mass of a proton or a neutron