Science ch.11 and 12
Terms
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- atomic mass unit
- a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule
- Oxygen Group
- 3 metals, 1 metalloid, and 1 metal. 6 valence electrons in the outermost energy level. All but oxygen are solids at room temp. Reactive
- electromagnetic force
- holds the electrons around the nucleus
- neutron
- a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
- proton
- a subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.
- atomic mass
- the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass unit.
- electron cloud
- a regoion around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.
- Dmitri Mendeleev
- He created the periodic table by finding a pattern.
- atom
- the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substancel.
- gravitational force
- pulls objects
- atomic number
- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and is same for all atoms of an element
- mass number
- the sum of protons and neutrons of an atom.
- nucleus
- the atom's central region that is made up of protons and neutrons
- Alkili Earth Metals
- Less reactive than Alkili metals because they have 2 valence electrons in it's outer most energy level.
- Lanthanides
- Follows lanthanum and it's in period 6
- weak force
- plays a key role when a neutron can change into a proton and an electron.
- Transition Metals
- Less reactive than both group 1 and 2.
- Carbon Group
- 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals. 4 valence electrons in the outermost energy level. Solid at room temperature.
- Actinides
- Follows actinium and it's in period 7
- Boron Group
- The boron group has 3 valence electrons in the outer most energy level. Contains 1 metalloid and 4 metals and solid at room temp.
- electron
- a subatomic particle that has a negative charge.
- Hydrogen
- Reactive, 1 valence electron, unstable.
- Noble Gases
- Contains nonmetals that are unreactive. Full outermost energy level except helium which has 2.
- Halogens
- Contains nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Very reactive
- strong force
- keeps the nucleus together
- isotope
- are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Nitrogen Group
- 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal. 5 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Solids at room temp. except for nitrogen.
- Alkili Metals
- Elements in group 1 of the periodic table and the most reactive because they can easily give away the 1 valence electron in the outermost energy level.