Chapters 16-18
Terms
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- What is the Archimedes Principle?
- the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
- What is Pascal's principle?
-
Pressure= amount of force over the unit area
P= f/a - What is the unit of pressure?
- Pascal
- What is Bernoulli's Principle pertaining to?
- When a fluid has to increase its velocity, you’re going to get a reduction in pressure.
- Pressure of gases
- If pressure applied on gas pushes on g the rest of the gas behaves like the liquid
- Boyle's Law
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If you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase.
T is Constant
take the constants out of the combined gas law to find it.
P1 V1=P2 V2 - Charles' Law
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the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change
P is K
V1/T1=V2/T2 - Gay Leussac's Law
-
The pressure of a fixed mass at a constant volume varies directly with temperature
V is K
P1/T1=P2/T2 - Combined Gas Law
- (P1 V1)/T1=(P2 V2)/T2
- Hydrogen in Nature
- 1 proton, simply.
- When the outer energy level is full, the element is . . .
- unreactive
- Element
- made of the same material. no deviations
- Compound
- made of two or more different elements.
- What makes an element?
- It is specifically the number of protons in an atom that define what it is.
-
For every proton . .
What does this make? -
There is an electron.
A neutral charge. -
Entropy is not . .
Why? -
Chaos
Chaos connotates more - Ion
- Any molecule or atom that has a charge
- Hydronium ion
- Very reactive because of its single charge.
- The way to express a hydronium ion.
- H+
- Noble gases
-
Right side of the scale
NON-REACTIVE - Energy levels
- A set space electrons occupy
- Average Atomic Mass
- Decimals
- Atomic Mass
- #protons+#neutrons
- If you have a hydrogen atom that has a proton, and you add a neutron, it has the same charge but. . .
- it weighs more
- Isotopes
- same element w/ a different mass b/c they have different #s of neutrons
- S orbital
-
Spherical
2 per energy level - P orbital
-
plane.
3d
X-plane; Y-plane; Z-plane - Energy level limits
-
1st energy level- fills with 2
2nd energy level-fills with 8
3rd energy level- fills with 8
4th energy level- fills with 18 - D orbitals always come behind, because . .
- They wait for the next s-orbital to be filled.
- If there are more protons to hold the electrons in, the electron cloud
-
shrinks
So it's smaller than an element with less protons, but it weighs more.