Chemistry6-7 OLSH
Terms
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- ore
- a material from which a mineral can be extracted at a reasonable cost
- transition elements
- groups of elements that are designated with a B (1B-8B) and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition metals
- alkaline earth metals
- group 2A elements in the modern periodic table
- ferromagnetism
- the strong attraction of a substance to a magnetic field
- ion
- an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
- transition metal
- a type of group B element that is contained in the D-block of the periodic table and, with some exceptions, is characterized by a filled outermost S orbital of energy level N, and filled or partially filled D orbital of energy level N-1
- electronegativity
- indicates the relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
- actinide series
- in the periodic table, the F-block elements from period 7 that follow the element Actinium
- alkali metals
- group 1A elements, except for hydrogen, that are on the left side of the modern periodic table
- octet rule
- states that atoms losem gain, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons (the stable electron configuration of a noble gas)
- halogen
- highly reactive group 7A elements
- mineral
- an element or inorganic compound that occurs in nature as solid crystals and usually is found mixed with other materials in ores
- metal
- an element that is solid at room temperature, a good conductor of heat andelectricity, and generally is shiny; most metals are ductile and malleable
- diagonal relationship
- the close relationships between elements in neighboring groups
- allotropes
- forms of an element with different structures and properties when they are in the same state -- solid, liquid, or gas
- lanthanide series
- in the periodic table, the F-block elements from period 6 that follow the element Lanthanum
- group
- a vertical column on the periodic table; also called a family
- representative elements
- groups of elements that are designed with an A (1A-8A) and possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties
- metalliod
- one element, such as silicon or germanium, that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals
- noble gas
- an extremely unreactive group 8A element
- ionization energy
- the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom; generally increases in moving from left-to-right across a period and decreases in moving down a group
- non metal
- an element that is generally a gas or a dull, brittle solid that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
- metallurgy
- the branch of applied science that studies and designs methods for extracting metals and their compounds from ores
- inner transition metal
- a type of group B element that is contained in the P-block of the periodic table and is characterized by a filled outermost S orbital, and filled or partially filled 4F and 5F orbital
- period
- a horizontal row on the periodic table
- periodic law
- states that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repition of their chemical and physical properties