Elements and Periodic Table
Terms
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- transition metals
- groups 3 through 12 - good conductors - less reactive
- noble gases
- group 18 - do not gain lose or share electrons - exists only in earth's atmosphere
- hydrogen
- element with simplest and smallest atoms
- plasma
- state of matter that consists of of a gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of electrons
- diatomic molecule
- consists of 2 atoms
- metals in mixed groups
- groups 13 through 15 - not really reactive
- conductivity
- the ability to transfer heat of electricity to another object
- electron
- tiny negative paticle that moves around an atom
- metal
- class of elements characterized by their properties
- period
- horizontal row of elements - 7 periods
- nebula
- cloudlike regions of gases
- lanthinides
- elements in the top line below the periodic table - higly conductive
- reactivity
- the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds
- carbon family
- group 14 - gain lose or share 4 electrons
- mass number
- the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- corrosion
- the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical change
- synthisized
- formed when nuclear particles are forced to crash into one another
- halogen family
- groups 17 - fluorine chlorine bromine iodine and astatine - gain or share 1 electron
- model
- diagram to help explain the world
- chemical symbols
- one or two letters representation of an element
- nucleus
- the central core of an atom
- nonmetal
- element that lacks most properties of a metal
- group
- vertical column of elements - 18 groups
- supernova
- a huge explosion that breaks apart a massive star
- atomic number
- the number of protons in its nucleus
- oxygen family
- group 16 - sulfur oxygen and selenium - dain or share 2 electrons
- atomic mass
- the average mass of all the isotopes of that element
- isotops
- atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- semiconductors
- substances that can conduct electricity under some condition but not under otherplasma
- alkalaine earth metals
- group 2 - good conductors - reacts by losing 2 electrons - never found uncombined
- metalloids
- 8 elements - solids at room temp. - used to make semiconductors
- malleablilty
- the ability of a metal to be rolled or hammered into flat sheets and other shapes
- proton
- small positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
- actinides
- most don't occur on earth
- alkalai metals
- group 1 - reatcs with other elements by losing one electron
- nitrogen family
- group 15 - gain or share 3 electrons
- nuetron
- small particle in the nucleus of an atom
- periodic table
- a chart of the elements showing the repeated pattern of their properties
- dmitri mendeleev
- arranged periodic table according to mass
- ductility
- the ability of a material to be pulled out, or drawn, into long wire
- nuclear fusion
- a process by which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy
- alloy
- mixture of a metal with atleast one other element