Ch.2 elements and ions
Terms
undefined, object
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- A sheet of aluminum foil has a total area of 1.000ft^2 and a mass of 3.636g. The density of aluminum is 2.699g/cm^3.What is the height of the sheet?
- 1.45x10^-2
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What did Democritus saw that matter is made of?
What is the word meaning indivisible? -
every substance is made of tiny building blocks that are indivisible and distinct.
b)atomos - What did John Dalton say that matter is made of?
- composed of fundamental building blocks called atoms.
- What is used to treat Grave's disease? (hyperthryoidism)
- radioactive form of iodine-131
-
What is the arrangement of these categories in the periodic table?
a)group d)nonmetals
b)period e)metalloids
c)metals -
a)group-goes down
b)period-across
c)metals-left side of zig-zag
d)nonmetals-right side of zigzag
e)metalloids-zigzag - What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
- a mixture is not a fixed ratio
- What is it called when the atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form new products?
- a chemical reaction
- What is the law of conservation of mass?
- matter cannot be created or destroyed
- What did J.J Thompson do?
- his cathode ray experiment measured the charge to mass ratio of the electron
- What did R.A. Millikan do?
- his Oil Drop experiment determined the charge of the elctron.
- What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
- a molecul is covalently bonded that doesn't have to be different elements. It is an aggregate of 2 or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together.
- What kind of atoms are molecules usually formed of?
- nonmetal atoms
- What are diatomic molecules
- molecules that contain only two atoms
- What are all the diatomic molecules (other than the ones with two elements)
- 02, N2, H2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2, and the elements that contain two elements, ex. HCl, CO
- What are polyatomic molecules?
- molecules that contain more than two atoms.
- Give some examples of polyatomic molecules?
- O3, H2O, NH3, CH4
- What are ions?
-
an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge.
atoms become ions by losing or gaining electrons - The loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom results in _______. an ion with a net positive charge
- a cation
- An ion whose net charge in negative is called ________.
- an anion
- Aluminum
- (Al^3+)
- Ammonium
- (NH4^+)
- Barium
- (Ba^2+)
- Cadmium
- (Cd^2+)
- Calcium
- (Ca^2+)
- Cesium
- (Cs^+)
- Chromium (III) or chromic
- (Cr^3+)
- Cobalt (II) or cobaltous
- (Co^2+)
- Copper (I) or cuprous
- (Cu^2+)
- Hydrogen
- H^+
- Iron (II) or ferrous
- Fe^2+
- Iron (III) or ferric
- Fe^3+
- Lead (II) or plumbous
- Pb^2+
- Lithium
- Li^+
- Magnesium
- Mg^2+
- Manganese (II) or manganous
- Mn^2+
- Mercury (I) or mercurous
-
HgI^ 2+
2 - Mercury (II) or mercuric
- Hg^ 2+
- Potassium
- K^+
- Silver
- Ag^+
- Sodium
- Na+
- Strontium
- Sr^2+
- Tin (II) or stannous
- Sn^2+
- Zinc
- Zn^2+
- Bromide
- Br-
- Carbonate
-
CO^2-
3 - Chlorate
- CIO3^-
- Chloride
- Cl^-
- Chromate
- CrO4^2-
- Cyanide
- CN^-
- Dichromate
- Cr2O7^2-
- Dihydrogen phosphate
- H2PO4^-
- Fluoride
- F^-
- Hydride
- H^-
- Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
- HCO3^-
- Hydrogen phophate
- HPO4^2-
- Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate
- HSO4^-
- Hydroxide
- OH^-
- Iodide
- I^-
- Nitrate
- NO3^-
- Nitride
- N^3-
- Nitrite
- NO2^-
- Oxide
- O^2-
- Permanganate
- MnO4^-
- Peroxide
- O2^2-
- Phosphate
- PO4 ^3-
- Sulfate
- SO4^2-
- Sulfide
- S^2-
- Sulfite
- SO3^2-
- Thiocyanate
- SCN^-
- Carbide
- C^4-
- Silicide
- Si^4-
- Phosphide
- P^3-
- Selenide
- Se^2-
- Telluride
- Te^2-