Science final words
Terms
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- minimum amount of energy thathas to be added to get a chemical reaction started
- activation energy
- a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction
- precipitate
- the combination of two or more atoms
- molecule
- number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in compound
- subscript
- a substance that enters into a chemical reaction
- reactants
- a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
- products
- the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
- conservation of mass
- a number in front of achemical formula in an equation that indicated how many molecules or atoms of each reaaactant and product are involved in a reaction
- coefficient
- reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
- exothermic reaction
- reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat
- endothermic reaction
- amount of one material in a certain volume of another material
- concentration
- material that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
- catalyst
- a biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy in cells
- enzyme
- meterial that decreases the rate of reaction
- inhibitor
- rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire
- combustion
- representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element
- electron dot diagram
- atom or group o fatoms that has become electrically charged
- ion
- attraction between oppositely charged ions
- ionic bond
- an ion that is made up of more than one atom
- polyatomic ion
- an orderly, three dimensional pattern of ions or atoms in a solid
- crystal
- a compound consisting of molecule of covalently bonded atoms
- molecular compound
- description of a covalent bon in which electrons are shared unequally, or a molecule containing polar bonds that do not cancel out
- polar
- description of a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally, or of a molecule containing nonplolar bonds, or polar bonds that cancel out
- nonpolar
- naturally ocurring solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
- mineral
- an element in group 1 of the periodic table
- alkali metal
- an element in Group 2 of the periodic table
- alkali earth metal
- a mixture of two or more metals
- alloy
- a solid made up of particle that are not arranged in a regular patter
- amorphous solid
- average mass of one atom of an element
- atomic mass
- unit ised to measure the mass of particles in atoms, proton and neutron has mass of 1
- atomic mass unit (amu)
- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- atomic number
- temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas
- boiling point
- temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid
- melting point
- relationship between the pressure and volume of gas, when volume increases pressure decreases
- Boyle's law
- A- COOH group, found in organic acids
- carboxyl group
- a quality of a substance that never changes and can be used to identify the substance
- characteristic property
- relationship between the temperature and volume of gas, when temp. increases volume increase
- Charle's law
- process by which an electic current breaks chemical bonds
- electrolysis
- an - OH group, found in alcohols
- hydroxyl group
- principle that the total amount of energy remains the same during physical or chemical change
- law of conservation of energy
- description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms
- structural formula
- a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements
- substituted hydrocarbon
- change of state from liquid to gas
- vaporization
- resistance of a liquid to flowing
- viscosity
- chemical activity/chemical bond/ chemical change/physical change
-
chemical activity- characteristic property of a substance that indicates its ability to undergo a specific chemical change
chemical bond- force that holds two atoms together
chemical change- change inwhich two or more combine to form new substances
physical change- change of state not identity - periodic table/ organization/characteristic properties/groups/metal nonmetal metalloid
- arranged by increasing atomic number, each group has similar characteristic properties such as reactiveness 17 nonmetals 7 metalloids and the rest are metals
- polymer/monomer
- a polymer is a larger molecule in the form of a chain which is made up of monomers
- compound/substance/mixture/mineral/pure substance
-
mixture- two or more substance that are mixed but not chemically combined
substance- best mixed mixture
compound-two or more elements chemically combine
mineral- simple element needed bny body not organic
pure substance- made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties - the amount of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
- density
- carbon atoms/organic compounds/fullerene/electron
-
diamonds- form of the element carbon, hardest mineral crystal on earth
fullerene- form of carbon that consists of of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern similar to soccer ball
organic compounds- most compounds that contain carbon - chemical reaction/ equation/ formula
-
reaction- process in which substances undergo chemical changes, forming new substances
equation- short easier way way to show chemical reactions, using symbols
formula- combination of symbols that represent elements in a compound - chemical bonds/ionic/ covalent/double
-
chemical bond- force that holds two atoms together
ionic- attraction between two oppositely charged ions
covalent- bond formed when two atoms share electrons
double- when atoms share 2 pairs of electrons - ions/charge/gaining and losing electrons
- when an atom loses an electron it becomes a positive ion, when it gains one it becomes a negative ion
- crystals/ions
-
crystals- an orderly, three dimensional pattern of ions or atoms in a solid
ions are attracted to other ions with an opposite charge