LOM Ch 12
Terms
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- collection of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
- adenoids
- air sacs in the lungs
- alveoli
- uppermost portion of the lung
- apex
- lower portion of the lung
- base of the lung
- smallest branches of the bronchi
- bronchioles
- branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the air spaces of the lung
- bronchus
- a gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine
- carbon dioxide
- thin hairs that help clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
- cilia
- muscle separating the chest and abdomen
- diaphragm
- lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx
- epiglottis
- midline region of the lung- location where bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lung
- hilum
- inspiration
- breathing in
- breathing out
- expiration
- opening to the larynx
- glottis
- voice box
- larynx, la la la
- division of the lung
- lobe
- region between the lungs in the chest cavity- contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchial tubes
- mediastinum
- oxygen
- gas that enters into our bloodstream at the lungs
- palatine tonsils
- almond shaped lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx
- one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
- paranasal sinus
- the outer fold of the pleura lying closest to the ribs and wall of the thoracic cavity
- parietal pleura
- throat
- pharynx
- double folded membrane surrounding each lung
- pleura
- layer of pleura nearest the lung
- visceral pleura
- layer of pleura nearest the ribs
- parietal pleura
- space between the folds of the pleura
- pleural cavity
- the essential cells of the lung
- pulmonary parenchyma - par- en- kym- a
- windpipe
- trachea
- listening to sounds within the body
- auscultation
- tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
- percussion
- scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other (bad- painful!)
- pleural rub/friction rub
- abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration when there is fluid or blood or pus in the alveoli
- rales/crackles
- material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat
- sputum
- sputum containing pus
- purulent
- strained - high-pitches noisy sound made on inspiration- associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea
- stridor
- high pitch whistling sound
- wheeze
- acute viral infection - usually seen in children- signs are obstruction of larynx, barking cough and stridor
- croup
- acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diptheria bacterium
- diptheria
- nosebleed
- epistaxis
- bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis
- pertussis/whooping cough
- chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by edema, broncho-constriction, and increased mucus production
- asthma
- chronic dilation of the bronchus resulting from infection of the lower lung
- bronchiectasis
- cancerous tumors arising from the bronchus
- bronchogenic lung ca
- two general categories of lung cancer
-
non-small cell lung cancer
small cell lung cancer - inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time
- chronic bronchitis
- inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions
- cystic fibrosis
- incomplete expansion of the alveoli, collapsed, functionless airless lung
- atelectasis
- hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
- emphysema
- abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs
- pneumoconiosis
- acute inflammation and infection of alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
- pneumonia
- inhalation of coal
- anthracosis
- inhalation of asbestos
- asbestosis
- inhalation of silicone
- silicosis
- exudate
- fluid, blood cell and debris in the lungs
- pneumonia that involves an entire lobe of the lung
- lobar pneumonia
- pneumonia common in infants and the elderly
- bronchopneumonia
- hospital acquired pneumonia
- nosocomial pneumonia
- swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
- pulmonary edema
- clot or thrombus that lodges in the vessels of the lung
- pulmonary embolism
- formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
- pulmonary fibrosis
- chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes or other organs
- sarcoidosis
- infectious disease caused by bacteria in the lungs or any organ of the body
- tuberculosis
-
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with exposure to
TB - mesolithioma
- abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
- pleural effusion
- inflammation of the pleura
- pleurisy/pleuritis
- collection of air in the pleural space
- pneumothorax
- radiograph of the thoracic cavity
- chest X-ray
- computer generated X-ray images show thoracic structures in cross-section
- CT scan
- X-ray images taken after injecting radiopaque contrast into the pulmonary artery or R side of the heart
- pulmonary angiography
- magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral and cross-sectional planes
- MRI
- detection device records radioactivety after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas
- V/Q scan
- fiber-optic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for dx, bx or collection of specimens
- bronchoscopy
- placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
- endotracheal intubation
- laryngoscopy
- visual examination of the voice box
- removal of lung tissue obtained by bronchoscopy or thoracotomy
- lung bx
- an apparatus that moves air in and out of the lungs
- ventilator
- endoscopic visual exam in the mediastinum
- mediastinoscopy
- group of test that measure lung function
- PFT
- used to measure the volume and rate of air passing in and out of the lung
- spirometer
- expansion of the lung is limited by disease
- restrictive lung disease
- the ability of gas to diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane is measured by this
- DLco- diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
- surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
- thoracentesis
- major surgical incision of the chest
- thoracotomy
- visual exam of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
- thorascopy
- creating an opening into the trachea through the neck
- tracheostomy
- determines past or present tb infection
- tuberculin test
- Chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion
- tube thoracostomy