Psychology Chapter One Key Terms
Terms
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- the scientific study of behavior and metal processes
- Psychology
- observable and measurable actions of people and animals
- Behavior
- private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving
- Cognitive activities
- theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly
- Psychological Constructs
- a set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does
- theory
- a rule or law
- principle
- research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a specific problem
- basic research
- an examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings
- introspection
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a learned connection between two ideas or evens
· Structuralism – the school of psychology, founded by Wihelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings - Associationism
- the school of psychology, founded by Wihelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings
- structuralism
- the school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and metal processes
- functionaism
- the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior
- behaviorism
- the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes
- Gestalt psychology
- the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
- psychoanalysis
- the theory that most of what fills and individual’s mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes
- psychodynamic thinking
- the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior
- biolocial perspective
- the theory focusing on the evolution of behavior and mental processes
- evolutionary perspective
- the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior
- Cognitive perspective
- the psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices
- humanistic perspective
- the perspective that stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior
- psychoanalytic perspective
- the psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior
- learning perspective
- the theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environments or to create new ones
- social-learning theory
- in psychology, the perspective that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, and mental processes
- sociocultural perspective
- a group united by cultural heritage, race, language, or common history
- ethnic group