Psychiatric Nursing - Townsend Notes
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- What are the 2 major responses to stress?
- Anxiety & Grief
- What are the 6 need in Maslow's hierarchy?
- Body, Security, Social, Ego, Self Actualization, Spiritual
- What are Jahoda's 6 indicators of mental health?
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1.Positive attitude toward self
2.Growth, development and the ability of achieve self actualization
3.Integration
4.Autonomy
5.Perception of reality
6.Environmental mastery - What is “Successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.â€
- Definition of Mental Health
- What are Peplau’s four levels of anxiety?
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Mild
Moderate-to-Severe
Severe
Panic - In which level of anxiety is a person most likely to be aware of distress and need for help?
- Severe
- Compensation
- Covering up real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable.
- Denial
- Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it.
- Displacement
- The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
- Identification
- An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires.
- Intellectualization
- An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis
- Introjection
- Integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one’s own ego structure
- Isolation
- Separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone or emotion associated with it.
- Projection
- Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person.
- Rationalization
- Attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
- Reaction formation
- Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors.
- Regression
- Retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning.
- Repression
- Involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
- Sublimation
- Rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive.
- Suppression
- The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experienced from one’s awareness.
- Undoing
- Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable.
- What characteristics are seen in Anxiety Disorders?
- Characterized by symptoms of anxiety and avoidance behavior – phobias, OCD, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD
- What characteristics are seen in Somatoform Disorders?
- Characterized by physical symptoms – hypochondriasis, conversion disorder, somatization disorder, pain disorder
- What characteristics are seen in Dissociative disorders?
- Disruption of integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of environment – dissociative amnesia, dissociative fuge, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization disorder.
- What are the 5 stages of grief?
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1.Denial
2.Anger
3.Bargaining
4.Depression
5.Acceptance - Define the DSM-IV Axis 1 - 4
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- Axis I – Clinical Disorders and other conditions – all mental disorders except Personality Disorder & Mental Retardation
- Axis II - Personality Disorder & Mental Retardation
- Axis III – General medical conditions – all that are potentially relevant to mental disorder
- Axis IV – Psychosocial & Environmental problems – may affect Axis I & II – Support, education, economic status, etc
- Axis IV – Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) – Single measurement of individual’s psychological, social & occupational functioning - Define Personality
- Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about environment & oneself
- Temperament
- Influences manner of reacting to environment
- Cathexis
- Investment of energy to external object (such as alcohol) for gratification
- What are Freud's 5 periods of Psychosexual Development?
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1. Oral (Birth to 1 year) – Pleasure comes orally
2. Anal (1 to 3 years) – Body function control
3. Phallic (3 to 6 years) – Working out relationship with parents
4. Latency (6 to 12 years) – Sexual energy is at rest
5. Genital (12 to Adulthood) – Sexuality is achieved. Relationships with others. - What are Sullivans 6 stages of Personality Development?
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Infancy (0-18mos) – developmental task is gratification of needs
Childhood (18mos – 6yrs) – learns about delayed gratification
Juvenile (6-9yrs) – satisfactory relations with peers
Pre-adolescence (9-12yrs) – Relationships with same sex
Early Adolescence (12-14yrs) – Opposite sex
Late Adolescence (14-21yrs) – Interdependence with society & lasting relationships - List the 8 stages of Erikson's psychosocial development theory
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1.Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 yrs)
2.Autonomy vs. shame/doubt (1-3 yrs)
3.Initiative vs. guilt (3-5 yrs)
4.Industry vs. inferiority (5-12 yrs)
5.Identity vs. identity confusion (adolescence)
6.Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood)
7.Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood)
8.Integrity vs. despair (late adulthood) - What are the 6 stages of Kohlberg's Moral Development theory?
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Level I: Preconventional/Premoral
Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation
Stage 2: Naively egoistic orientation
Level II: Conventional/Role Conformity
Stage 3: Good-boy/good-girl orientation
Stage 4: Authority and social-order-maintaining orientation
Level III: Postconventional/Self-Stage 5: Contractual/legalistic orientation
Stage 6: The morality of individual principles of conscience - According to Peplau, what are the phases of the nurse-client relationship?
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Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution - According to Peplau,what are the personality development stages that the nurse can help patients complete?
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1. Learning to count on others
2. Learning to delay satisfaction
3. Identifying oneself
4. Developing skills in participation (problem solving)