psych quiz
Terms
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- Biological
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subject matter:
Nervous system, glands and hormones, genetic factors
Key assumption:
Biological processes influence behavior and mental processes - Cognitive
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Subject matter:
Mental images, information processing, thinking, language
Key assumption:
Perceptions and thoughts influence behavior - Humanistic
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Subject matter:
Subjecttive experience
Key assumption:
People make free and concious choices based on their unique experiences - Psychoanalytic
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Subject matter:
Unconcious processes, early childhood experiences
Key assumption:
Unconcious motives influence behavior - Behavioral (learning)
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Subject matter:
Environmental influence, habitual behavior, observational learning
Key assumption:
Personal experience and reinforcement guide individual development - Sociocultural
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Subject matter:
Ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic status
Key assumption:
sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors create individual differences - nature
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"behavior is a result of biology"
-evolutionary
-brain and neuroscience
-behavior genetics - nurture
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"all behavior is learned from enviornment
-socio-cultural perspective
-behavioral perspective - The mind
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"controls behavior"
CONCIOUS MIND
-cognitive perspective
-humanistic perspective
UNCONCIOUS MIND
-psychoanalytical/psychodynamic perspective - René Descartes
- proposed doctrine called interactive dualism: the idea that mind and brain were sperate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other concious experiences
- Nature/nuture issue
- Which is more important, the inborn nature of an individual or the enviornmental influences
- Wilhelm Wundt
- focused on sensations and perception. fascinated by conciousness. he made up the idea of psychology basically and seperated it from physiology as a science.
- Calkins
- invented the idea of self-psychology. you figure out who you are. Pioneered dream study on how dreams relate to waking life. first female president of APA
- Titchener
- Concept of structuralism:(first major school of psychology) held that even our most complex xoncious experiences could be broken into elemental structures of sensations and feelings. Used introspection: viewing a simple stimulus and then asking the test subject to explain feelings right after to find structures
- William James
- Functionalism: stressed importance of behavior functions to allow people/animals to adapt to environments
- B.F. Skinner
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Behaviorism: Tried to figure out how behavior is influenced and gained by environment
did tests on pidgeons and rats in skinner boxes with rewards and punishments - Carl Rogers
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developed humanistic psychology "third force" emphasized concious experiences and unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction.
saw mental health as good and healthy and just a progression of life - John. B. Watson
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also a behaviorist (see b.f.skinner)
tried to prove this with little albert. He tried to condition an infant with a rat and a loud terrifying noise.
also testimonial advirtisement: takes positive feedback from people who have used the product to boost sales - Abraham Maslow
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Created Hierarchy of needs.
1. Psychological needs (food, water, air)
2. safety and security needs
3. Love and belonging
4. Self esteem
5. self actulization needs, making the most of abilities - G. Stanley Hall
- Founded APA. and received first phD in psychology
- Ivan Pavlov
- sparked idea of behaviorism with inital experiment of bell associated with food triggering salvation
- Sigmund Freud
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developed theory of the unconcious-
psychoanalysis:
emphasized role of unconcious conflicts in determining behavior and personality. based on work and insights, believed behavior motivated by conflicts sexual and agressive in nature. - Contmeporary psychology
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todays psychologists identify themselves as:
1. the persepctive they emphasize in investigating psychological topics
2. the specialty area in which they have been trained and practiced - Ethocentrism
- using your own culture as a standard for judging
- Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
- individual/for the group
- Natural Selection
- the most adaptive characteristics are selected and continue onto the next generation. This is applied to psychology with the idea that psychological processes are subject to natural selection. (example snakes/gators = badddd, notice what happend to steve irwin, hahaha jk may he R.I.P.)
- Phobias
- extreme fears of particular things. can be explained by natural selection because those who were passed on phobias, such as the fear of snakes, are more likely to survive
- Developmental Psyhcology
- the study of social and psychological changes throughout lifespan
- Personality Psychology
- investigates individual differnces and development
- Health/ Educational/school
- obvious/obvious/obvious
- Industrial/Organization (I/O)
- psychologist that concern the relationship between people and jobs. investigate productivity vs. job satisfaction, personnel selection, and interaction between people and equipment.
- Clinical Psychology
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studies the causes and treatments and prevention of psychological disorders
is different from a psychicatrist because he/she cant prescribe medicines to help - Counseling Psychology
- closely realted to clinical, aims to improve life with help to cope with problems and challanges.