speech science exam, study questoins
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- What are the valves of the Vocal Tract? How are they different from the valves of the articulatory system?
- -aryepiglottic folds, false VFs, true VFs
- Compare measures of average Fo and Fo Variability. Explain their use in clinical situation
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av: measures average Fo over utterance. Helps to determine if voice disorder occurs in Fo
var: measured in standard deviation. can indicate level of vocal range--low range can indicate disorder - Why Fo is different in children, women, and men (anatomically)
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children: short thin vocal folds vibrate very quickly
Women: longer and thicker than children
Men: longer and thicker than women - Why Fo Variabilty can be an important indicator of normal or disordered speech
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-reduced range can indicate disorder
-should have little variabilty when sustaining vowel - Three ways that objective measures of F and I can assist clinicians in evaluating and treating patiends with neuro disorders
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-Provides objective support of treatment working (e.g., in Fo after working on laryngeal tension)
-Provides online visual feedback of amplitude and frequency levels and variation, thus able to treat laryngeal control, prosody, pitch and loudness.
-Previous assumptions based on perception were found to be false once instrumentation was implemented. - Compare functions of diaphragm with internal and external intercostals in respiration
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D: lowers when contracted to increase volume in lungs and cause inspiration
ExI: contract to elevate ribcase to increase volume in front-back and lateral direction
InI: contract to pull down on rib cage and cause exhalation - Describe changes in lung volume from infancy to old
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baby= small volume
25-50= max volume
old=smaller volume than when younger - What is an EGG?
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-electroglottography
-meausured VF function noninvasively
-current passes through thyroid cartilage
-VF opening->more resistance->less currenth thru->down slope
-VF closing->less resistance->more current thru->up slope
-produces Lx wave, Voltage/Time - How does voicing affect respiration
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-location moves from nose to mouth
-ratio of in/exhale goes from 40/60 to 90/10
-volume of air 10%VC to 20-25%VC
-muscle activity passive->active - What is a normal s/z ratio?
- <1.4
- What is the impact of Parkinson's Disease on respiration, phonation, and articulation?
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-reduces VC and P(oral)
-decreased intelligability
-monotone, distorted articulation, breathy, weak voice - What is the impact of ALS on respiration, phonation, and articulation?
- greater Jitter and Shimmer levels
- What voice disorder can result from extubation?
- Intubation Granuloma--weak, breathy, hoarse voice caused by bilateral scar tissue on VFs
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Identify and give voice quality -
Nodules
-Varyin degree of hoarseness and breathyness, possible fry -
Identify and give vocal quality -
Unilateral Paralysis
-breathy, low amplitude -
Identify -
Conact ulcers
-caused by reflux and aspiration, causes hoarsness -
Itentify -
intubation granuloma
-weak, breathy, hoarse voice (bilateral scar tissue) - Compare Cricothyroid to Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles in function and structure
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CT-Changes PITCH by stretching the VFs (tensing them)
L.CA-pulls VFs together (down ad in), closes membranous glottis -
Identify muslces that
-ADduct
and
-ABduct the Vfs -
ADDUCTION: Lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid (transverse and oblique),
ABDUCTION: posterior cricoarytenoid - Describe how vocal pitch and loudness are regulated
-
Pitch: tension in VFs (tighter for higher)
Loudness: Pressure below VFs (more for louder) - Why the human voice is nearly periodic and not completely periodic
- VFs do not vibrate in completely even, periodic manner due to tissue and mechanical characteristics. Always small flucutaions in pitch and loudness
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Physologic and acoustic characteristics of
-pulse
-falsetto -
Pulse: low pitch, creaky popping sounds; VFs closed for most of vibratory cycle, use less air pressure to vocalize
Falsetto: Fo is high, thinner tone, slightly breathy; VFs very long and stiff, glottis tight and narrow, not as full a vibration as modal and pulse - Describe levels of bronchial tree
- Larynx, Trachea, primary Bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
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Label -
A, H, O-Hyoid Bone
B, G Epiglottis
C, M, P- Sup. horn of Thyroid Cart.
D, L Q - Inf. Horn of TC
E, K, R Cricoid cart.
F, I, S- thyroid cart
J Artyenoid Cart.s -
Identify -
A epiglottis
B Hyoid Bone
C Thyroid Cart.
D. Vocal Ligament
E. Cricoid Cart.
F. Trachea
H. Vocalis muscle
I. True VFs
J. False VFs -
Identify -
A. Modal
B. Falsetto
C. Pulse
D. Breathiness
E. Hoarseness