Philosophy Mid 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Who is "the father of modern philosophy"?
- Rene Descartes
- Rene Descartes was an "innatist". This means that he is also what else?
- a Rationalist
- "Meditation on First Philosophy" is written by whom? What was this persons reasoning in writing this?
- Descartes He wanted to build from new foundations.
- What does Descrtes explain in Meditation 1?
- Descartes explains his method of doubt
- The Enlightenment is also reffered to as what?
- the "age of reason" 17th - 18th centuries
- What was the force behind the American and French Revolutions?
- the enlightenment
- Who came up with Heliocentricity and what is Heliocentricity?
- Coppernicus Heliocentricity is the theory that the planets revolve around the sun
- What system disrupted the Ptolemaic system of astronomy?
- Heliocentricity
- Who proved that the orbits of the planets are elliptical?
- Johannes Kepler
- What was Kepler unable to do?
- He was unable to come up with an effective model of the solar system.
- X,Y,and Z can also be known as _______ _______ ?
- cartesian coordinates
- Who wrote "Principa Mathematica"? and what was it about?
- It was Iassac Newton's treatise on gravitation
- What was famous for its anticlericalism and devotion to science?
- Encyclopedie (Encyclopedia)
- What are the 5 methods of doubt?
- methodological doubt metaphysical doubt (entity) hyperbolic (abstract) doubt readical (back to basics) doubt radical skeptocism
- Who came up with "I think, therefore I am"
- Descartes
- What does Descartes realize in Meditation 2?
- that he can be absolutely certain of one thing - that he exists
- What does Descartes try to prove in Meditation 3?
- the existence of God
- What are the objects of doubt?
- sense perception (illusions and dreams) the components of dreams themselves mathematic truths
- Cogito Ergo Sum means what?
- I think, therefore I am
- What are the 2 distinct substances of mind-body dualism?
- thinking thing extended thing
- What is "res cogitans"?
- the thinking thing (person)
- What is "res extensa"?
- extended thing (body)
- What is solipism?
- "alone" "self" no reality outside of "my" mind
- 1) My body is divisible. 2) My minds - or myself, insofar as I am not a thinking thing - is not divisible. 3)So, my mind is distinct from my body. This is the _________ Argument for Dualism.
- Divisibility
- Who's law states this: if x=y, then x and y have the same properties
- Leibniz's Law
- Strong knowledge means what?
- that you cannot be wrong
- Weak knowledge means what?
- that you don't have absolute certainty, but you have evidence
- What is "physicalism" also known as?
- materialism
- materialism and __________ go hand-in-hand
- athiesm
- What are the 5 characteristics of mind?
- non-spatial, unobservable, non-physical, private, free
- What are the 5 characteristics of body? (hint: opposite of mind)
- spatial, observable, physical, public, determined
- Who wrote "An Essay Concerning Human Understnading"?
- John Locke
- What are Locke's 2 kinds of identity?
- "man" - human being "person" - thinking being
- What is Diachronic Identity?
- On what basis do we judge this individual now to be the same as that individual then?
- What is Locke's "tabula rasa"?
- a blank slate - Locke denies that we are born with any knowledge
- John Locke was a _________ and an __________ ?
- Dualist empiricist
- _________ is the condition for personal identity.
- Memory
- Who wrote "Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man"?
- Thomas Reid
- What are the 2 identities of persons?
- perfect identity and complete identity
- What are the 2 indentities of material things?
- imperfect identity and incomplete
- What is the "metaphysical glue"?
- memory + consciousness
- Thomas Reid is part of what school of philosophy?
- commonsense