Soc. 208
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- which of the following types of sociology is more likely to make a claim to be value-neutral or value-free?
- basic
- which of the following is not one of the three elements that together create science as discussed in class
- statistics
- what are the three elements taht together create science as discussed in class
- theory, research, application
- author Kurt Vonnegut, Jr takes the position in the "Afterword" of Free to Be...You and Me taht first graders should learn about
- cultural relativity
- "everything that a group of people have learned and preserved from past collective experience" is one defintion given in class for
- culture
- "The transmission to an individual of attitudes, habits, skills and social standards through interaction and realtionships with others" is
- socialization
- A sociological perspective on the social institution of family defines it as
- socially constructed by humans
- The socail institution of religion impacts the socail institution of the family through the creation or support of norms, beliefs and values. Upon which of the following subjects do various United States religions DISAGREE
- bitch control, abortion, homosexuality, same-sex marriage, cohabitation, and divorce
- "A cluster of norms, roles, values, symbols, and beliefs centered around some major societal need" is
- social institution
- Professor Keating asserted that a basic principle of healthy family relationships is the "Golden Rule". This principle is promoted by
- a wide range of religious traditions including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Tao, Buddhism, Native American, Wicca...
- The final step of the eight-stage reserach process dicussed in class is
- communicate findings to the scientific and lay communities
- A librarian needed to decrease the budget for books and decided to ask each patron entering the library for an entire week to complete a questionnaire about their recommendations. this type of research is
- social survey
- The Union of Concerned Scientists have expressed concern recently through a press relase because
- they have documented a number of cases in which the current federal government administration has suppressed or distorted research findings
- which of the following government programs is documented by searach to be successful in terms of reducing the problems they are designed to reduce
- women's infants and children nurtrition programs
- In terms of cultural preference, although not actual practice, the most popular form of marriage in the world is
- polygyny
- When a man and woman become engaged on the Aran Islands, Ireland what does the bride do traditionally?
- She designs a new sweater combining the designs of her family and his
- The Winnedbago
- originally resided in Wisconsin but were moved by the government to MInnesota, and then Sout Dakota, they are not in Nebraska
- When twins were born among the traditional Todas in India,
- one twin as killed so that the remaing twin would have enough food to be healthy
- Among the TOdas marriages were traditionally
- polyandrous, arranged by parents during the brides's infancy
- The HOpi are
- matrilocal, matrilineal and monogamous
- The Hopi bride's wedding clothes are
- made by the gromm and his male relatives
- DNA testing of skeletons in Old Europe indicate
- a matrilocal, matrilineal family system
- The ancient Hebrews were the first to
- develop a monotheistic relighion with a single god
- Among the ancient Hebrews
- men but not women coyuld divorce or any reason
- In which society were women considered inferior to men biologically, intellecturally and emotionally; needed their husband's permission to leave the house veiled and chaperoned and could be executed for adultery
- ancient Athens in Greece
- Among the ancient Greeks
- marriage was a sacred obligation
- Which of the following political views takes the position that the family is the most important social insitution
- conservative
- Acoording to C. Wiright Mills, and important American sociologist cited by Aulette
- the micro level and the macro level shape and determine each other
- Which of the following is an example of the macro level of socail experience
- laws taht prohibit marriage between people of the same sex
- IN 1850 two percent of the pouplation lived past their seixty-fifth birthday. what percentage does so today
- 75
- All of the following were provided by women in the Godly Family
- food and clothing, health care, child care
- The body of the seneca iroquois was composed of
- men chosen by women
- Aulette compared the Puritan and Seneca Iroquois. She pointed out that power was held by those who
- controlled the source of livilihood, the land
- During the ninteenth and early twentieth centuries, working class families were likely to send
- husbands and children into the labor force while women earned money working in their homes
- The Depression created much poverty and prompted changed in family behaviors.
- The birth rate, marriage reate and divorce rate all fell dramatically
- studies of Japanese Americans who were held in concentration camps by the American dovernment during World War two show
- the internment had a traumatic, negative impact of family organization disrupting traditional patterns and leaving people feeling vulnerable and fearful. the internment had a postive impact on family orgainization disrupting th traditonal patriarchy and giving wives and children more control over their lives
- During slavery, slaves were viewed as property by the legal system. They had no legal rights
- and they were not allowed to legally marry
- Historians and sociologists cited in Aulette differ in their explainsations for the decrease of equality between men and women ad African American families moved from slavery to sharecropping. Some suggest that men were attempting to vindicate their manh
- the seculsion of women in nuclear families with men handling the direct contact with white landowners and marchants was a stategy to protect women from a real threat.
- During the period of Reconstruction after th Civial War in the South, former slaveowners re-enslaved African Americans under the age of 21 through
- indentured servitude if their parents were nto legally married or were declared as not employeing the children in honest industrious occupations
- Around 1880 the U.S. Governemtn developed a policy "to obliterate the cultureal heritage of Native Americans and to replace it with the values of Anglo-American society" The key strategy to accomplish this was
- removal of children from their tribal homes and families and placement in boarding schools a long distance away so they did not see their families for several years
-
In research cited by Aulette , nine months after a plant had closed. 51% of the workers reported the unemployment had ________ impact of their marriage, 33% reported ______ impact on their marriage and 16
% reported ____ impact - no...a negative....a postive
- Patricia Boydanoff asserts that there are several medciating factors in a person's response to a layoff which can make the difference in a family's ability to cope. These mediating factors can be divided into two types
- family defintion of the events and family resources
- The economic growth experienced by the United States for almost thirty years after World War 2 was a result of
- the combination of a demand for goods from nations damaged by world war 2 and a relatively undamaged productive system in the U.S
- How are American families dealing with the current decline in the economy as discussed by Aulette
- By putting more family members into the paid labor face, by increasing debt.
- All of tghe following are true of the poeple whoa re buried in Potter's field, a cemetary for the poor people of Ne York City
- Their bodies are buried in unmarked graves, twenty to thirty bodies are buried in each trench grave, after thirty years the graves are bulldozed under in order to make room for more bodies.
- tHE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PREDICTOR OF A MAN'S OCCUPATIONSAL STATUS IS HIS
- FATHER'S OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
- Which socail sclass includes the largest proportion of people in our society, about 60-65%
- working class
- research cited by Aulette indicates taht the group that is most conscious of cultivating community responsiblitiy is the
- black middle class
- geographical residential mobility is most pronounced among the
- middle class
- among vietnamese and other southeatern asian immiagrants, the concept of extended family obligations includes
- aborad range of relatives who are alive, ancestors who have died, family members of the future
- All of the following are true about Mexican American families immigrating to the United States
- before 1965 men had come mostly unaccompanied and stayed for long periods of time in bachelor communities inw hcih multiple men shared, once they arrived int eh United states, women quickly worked ot establish networks for goods and information, men were proud of having learned domestic skills during the separation and contined to share these tasks when their wives joined them
- Apsects of creating sociological analysis
- predicting, assuming, interpreteing, correlating, and assingning sigificance
- C. Write mills used the rerm histories for the _________ of societies
- lives
- Father of sociology
- Ernest Burgess
- Who believes "The family sphere is qualitatively different from the public sphere. The public and private spheres are separate socail realms"
- Ernest Burgess
- ________ argue that our values or beliefs about families are the ways in which we try to make our lieves live up to those beliefs should follow certain prescribed patterns. They assert that families are teh most important socail institution
- conservatives
- Three social insituations
- economic system, politial system, and religion
- the word ______ describes someting as being totally uniform
- monolethic
- Mitchell describes four essentail social structures that are interwoven throughout society
- production, reproduction, socialization and sexuality
- Mills'theory of the Sociological Imagination...
- the micro level, the macro level, the effect of the macro level on the micro level, and the effect of the micro level on the macro level.
- Goldy family lasted from
- early 1600s until about the time of the Revolutionary War
- The modern Family consists of
- a breadwinning husband, a housewife, and their dependent children
- Modern family had two stages
- Democratice Family and the Companionate family.
- The third stage of families from 1970-present
- postmodern family
- The Godly Family is associated with
- preindustrial agriculturally based economy.
- Modern Family is associated with
- development of industrialization
- The postmodern family is associated with
- deindustrialization
- The Goldy family the Purtians esablished in the colonies was characterized by four factors
- The family stucture was patriarchal, families were highly integrated into the comunnity, Each family was a enarly self-sufficient economic unit, all social activies, including educaiton, health care, and welfare, took place within familes.
- Patriarch literally means
- rule by father
- T or F preindustrial patriarchal families (Purtain) did not included several generations of kin. Households with more than two generations were rare because of the short life span.
- T
- During the Godly Area homemaking tasks fell into four categories
- mothering, meal provision, clothes provision, and nursing
- Seneca people lived in
- extended family groups, controlled by women
- Modern Family differed from premodern Godly Families in four ways
- work was split into unpaid domestic work and paid work, individuals could freely contract marriages based on love, privacy and the separation of families from the community were promoted for middle calss, women had fewer children, but were supposed to spen moer time at thier "natural" and demanding tasks of mothering.
- The prescription for proper behavior for wives and mother sin the early nineteenth century has been called
- "cult of true womanhood"
- "Cult of True Womanhood" women were to be juded by four virutes
- piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity.
- "Cult of True Womanhood" most important attribute
- piety
- "Real Woman" were being advised to
- avoid the frail, helpless, dependent role and to take pride in strong bodies and minds
- Real women were counseled to have
- "muscles like harpstrings"
- Real women were told what about their educations
- extend them
- Real women shoud be...
- physically fit, educated, be aware of their choice in husband, be able to support themseleves.
- The idea of real women was brought about between
- 1840-1880
- Child labor was extremely common upon what area
- modern family
- Postwar baby boom was between
- 1940-1957
- Chinese American Family history could be periodicized into three eras:
- split families, family-wage or family-based economies, and consumption economics
- Four main points of African Americans
- slavery, 1600 to 1865, sharcropping, industrialization, and the New Sourth or post-Civil Rights era
- A system of legal segregation is called
- de jure segregation
- Moonogamy
- is the practice of marring only one person at a time and remaing sexually exculsive with that person
- David Wiggins
- foudn taht one of the games the slave schildren played was called auction.
- Most common reasons slaves ran away were
- resentment over punishment and to find relatives
- Chicano men were recrited to work in
- mining camps and on railroad gangs
- Four reasons why chinese men had to leave there wives when they came to America
- specification not the bring wives, encouraged them to stay in contact with family, immigration laws provented it, afraid of racial harassment
- The period in history where rual southerners whose jobs were taken over by farm equipment were froced to move to the North and into the urban ares of the south
- Great Migration
- Gidden's socail agencies
- symoblic orders, polictial insituations, economic institutions and laws
- In the middle of the 1970s, the economic growth reversed and the wages of American workers began to decline. This reversal in the direction of th U.S. economy has been called
- The Great U-Turn
- Three strategies to try to maintain shelter in the face of the rising costs
- pay a larger proportion of their income for housing, try and find a cheaper house, families have looke dto the government for assistance in helping them meet their housing costs
- The most life-threatening result of the Great U-Turn
- homelessness
- Homeless people have been unable to call on one possible source of support, their own parents or siblings for three reasons
- their parents are dead, their parents or siblings lived too far ways, they were estranged from their families
- Three reasons why welfare hotles have serious shortcomings
- They do not famie facilities for food storage or prepartion. although welfare hotels provide more privacy than shelters, families still must share accommodations with prositues and drug dealers, extremely costly
- The development of the new economy in the late _______ diminished the problem of unemployment
- 1990s
- Living-wage
- ordinaces forced employers who receive contracts or tax benefits from local governments to pay their employeeswages a few dollars over minimum wage
- Citizen wage system
- would distribute the goods and services to those who needed them regardless of the number of hours they worked in production
- stratification
- describe systems of social inequality among different groups of people
- United states, three systems of stratifacation
- race, class and gender
- Three major socail classes
- an owning class (10%) a middle class(25-30%) and a working class.
- A compatible marriage
- first and foremost is a marriage wihtin one's class (Ostrander)
- White working-class families characterized by three factors:
- the idelogical commitment to marry for love, not money, the importance of extended kin and other networks to economic and emotional survival, and the appearance of separation of work and family
- The moynihan Report
- blamed the dilapidated housing, poverty, unemployment and inferior education experienced by African American on the organization of black families. Moynihan blamed the victims
- matricarchy
- rule by the mother
- Carol Stack did research on the
- flats
- Stack found after doing research in the Flats-
- kin and nonkin membership, swapping, shared child raising, fuid physical boudaries, and domestic authority of women
- Swapping refers to the
- borrowing and trading of resources, possessions and services
- The Cultural defiiency model claims
- that bad culture causes poverty, lack of a two-parent family, welfare
- Society structural model on poverty
- massive change in the structure o fthe American economy creat epoverty, shifts in the economy elimainate jobs---economies decline causes poverty
- MELA
- is a group of about four hundred MExican American women who initially came together in the mid-1980s to protest the state's proposal to build a prison in thier neighborhood
- Systematic observations to discover or document empirical relationships
- research
- a measurable indicator taht changes
- varibale
- one of mutiple categories indicating the measure of a varible
- value
- Traditional Reserach Process
-
Define problem
Literature review
develope hypotheseis
develop methods
collect data
analyze data
draw conclusions
communicate findings to scientific and lay communties - Types of reasearch
- exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, evaluation
- Types of reasearch methods
-
experiment: laboratory
social survery: questionnaire
participant observation
Unobsrusive measures: secondary analysis - Repetitions of a reserach study with the same or similar research questions or methods
- replications
- Psychological strain produced by a lack of harmony between two or more aspeacts of our lives such as between knowledge and behavior
- cognitive dissonance
- tendency to see, acknowledge and remember only those experiences that agree with our preconceived ideas, stereotypes or beliefs
- selective perception