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Apologetics Midterm

Terms

undefined, object
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Science
Study of phenomena in terms of cause and effect
Cause
That which makes something happen
Effect
The result of a cause
Faith
Belief, trust, or loyalty to something
Understanding
To grasp the reasonableness of something
Anguish of Abraham
Moment of anxiety characterized by FORLORNESS (the feeling of being terribly alone), DESPAIR (having to make a decision you'd really rather not) and ANXIETY (being without any guidelines)

And "The Anguish of Abraham is a moment of anxiety characterized by anxiety" is not redundant at all, right? >__>
Intellect & Free Will
Separates humans from animals, vegetables, and minerals

Intellect (thinking and reasoning) helps us search for truth

Free will (choosing) helps us find what is good (for us)
Inductive reasoning
Based on experience and observation (like a science lab)

AKA empiricism, analytic, a posteriori
Deductive reasoning
Based on prior knowledge (like math)

AKA rational, synthetic reasoning, a priori

Includes syllogisms
In Himself
Existence
Nature
Divine Attributes

Persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
In Reference to Creatures
Creation
Elevation and Fall of Man Incarnation
Redemption
The Church
As Their Last End
Particular and General Judgements
Resurrection of the body
Heaven, Hell, Purgatory
Creation
This is gratuitous, but..."making something out of nothing, the need to express, to communicate..."
Dogmatic theology/sacred theology
Finds fundamental principles in revelation (e.g., Islam)
Theodicy/natural theology
Everything is philosophical, independent of any religious faith (e.g., Deism)
Theoria
Intellectual aspect, reasoned explanations of the matters of faith
Praxis
Moral activity, the practice of a particular system of belief
Immaculate Conception
December 8
Incarnation
December 25
Solemnity of Mary
January 1
Ascension Thursday
...changes
Assumption
August 15
All Saints' Day
November 1
Pius XII
Pope during lots of wars
John XXIII
Convened Vatican II, which modernized the Church, though he died before it was finished

(randomly, papal infallibility was secured in Vatican I)
Paul VI
Finished Vatical II, wrote Humanae Vitae in response to contraception issues
John-Paul I
Pope for 34 days
John-Paul II
Pilgrim Pope, young and charismatic, traveled everywhere, non-Italian
Benedict XVI
Conservative, also non-Italian
Successor of Peter
line of Apostolic succession is left intact
Vicar of Christ
Substitute for Christ on earth
Primate of Italy
Head of all Italian dioceses
Patriarch of the West
Authority over all Catholic institutions
Sovreign of Vatican State
Diplomatic head of the Vatican
Orthodoxy
Right or correct thinking
Philosophy
Love of wisdom
Metaphysics
Study of a being above or beyond the physical
Cosmology
Study of the universe
Astrology
Study of the stars to determine destiny
Ontology
Study of being and existence
Ethics
Study of conduct
Logic
Study of thinking
Epistemology
Study of learning (psychology)
Aesthetics
Study of the beautiful (fine arts)
The Cave
Dialogue from Plato's Republic, illustrates the enlightened/unenlightened nature of man
Perception of shadows
Copies of the real thing; realm of imagination and conjecture
Belief in visible objects
ACTUAL REALITY!
Understanding of mathematical objects
Ideal objects with logical rigor: measurement, proportion, logical connections, mental constructs
Knowledge of first principles
Understanding of form without matter
Act & potency
Act: it is

Potency: it has the capacity to change
Substance & accident
Substance: essence

Accident: qualities not necessary to identify
Essence & existence
Essence: that which makes something what it is

Existence: to be
Soul
Principle of activity
Argument for Change in Things
Move: lead something from potential to action

God is pure act; he is the prime mover of everything
Argument for Efficient Causality
Efficient: productive or desired effect (e.g., heat and water make steam)

God is the first cause
Argument from Contingency in Things
Contingent: object's need of a necessary being to exist

God is necessary; he exists forever
Argument from Graduation in Things
Graduation: degree or stage in a systematic or gradual progression

God is the extreme of every quality
Argument from Final Causality
Law: to direct something towards some end

God is the order to the end
School of Alexandria
1. Plato's philosophy
2. Allegorical interpretations
3. Unity of God
4. Divinity of Christ
School of Antioch
1. Aristotle's philosophy
2. Literal interpretations
3. Distinction of three persons
4. Humanity of Christ
Gnosticism
Christ was a good god but could not have a human body
Moralism
Jesus was a unique human who only inspired people
Adoptionism
Jesus was a good man who was eventually adopted by God
Apollinarianism
Since Jesus was God, he lacked a human intellect and will
Subordinationism
The Son came into existence at the time of creation

Deck Info

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