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PSY 105

Terms

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EMPIRICAL
Relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environments
Structuralism
An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements.
FUNCTIONALISM
An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness.
Who is generally accredited as being the "Father of Psychology" and why?
Dr. Wilhelm Wundt [VIL-helm Voont] (1832-1920) established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. He first announced in 1873, that that he intended to make psychology a science.
What are the FIVE major Psychological perspectives?
1. Biological
2. Learning
3. Cognitive
4. Sociocultural
5. Psychodynamic
Describe the BIOLOGICAL perspective:
Focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings and thoughts.
Describe the LEARNING perspective:
Is concerned with how the environment and experience affect a being's actions.
Describe the COGNITIVE perspective:
Emphasizes what goes on in people's heads. How people reason, understand language, solve problems, explain experiences and form beliefs
Describe the SOCIOCULTURAL perspective:
Focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual, forces that shape every aspect of behavior, from how we kiss to what and where we eat.
Describe the PSYCHODYNAMIC perspective:
Deals with the unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts or instinctual energy. It has is origins in Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis.
What is HUMANIST PSYCHOLOGY?
A psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential, rather than the scientific understanding and assessment of behavior.
What is FEMINIST PSYCHOLOGY?
A psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes.
What major psychological perspective reflects the following:

Anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways.
COGNITIVE
What major psychological perspective reflects the following:

Anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires.
Psychodynamic
What major psychological perspective reflects the following:

Anxiety symptoms often bring hidden rewards, such as being excused from exams.
Behavioral
What major psychological perspective reflects the following:

Excessive anxiety can be caused by a chemical imbalance.
Biological
What major psychological perspective reflects the following:

A national emphasis on competition and success promotes anxiety about failure.
Sociocultural
What does an EXPERIMENTAL psychologist do?
Conducts laboratory studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception, physiology, and cognition. Note: Experimental is not limited to Experimental Psychologists.
What does an EDUCATIONAL Psychologist doe:
Study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems. Their interest range from the application of findings on memory and thinking to use the rewards to encourage achievement.
What does an DEVELOPMENTAL Psychologist do:
Study how people change and grow over time - physically, mentally, and socially.
What does an INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL Psychologist do:
Study behaviors in the workplace. They are concerned with group decision making, employee morale, work motivation, productivity, job stress, personnel selection, marketing strategies, equipment design, etc.
Define APPLIED PSYHCOLOGY:
The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also, the application of psychological findings.
What is a PSYCOTHERAPIST:
A person who does psychotherapy; may have anything from no degree to an advanced professional degree; the term is unregulated.
What is a CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST:
Diagnoses, treats and/or studies mental and emotional problems, both mild and severe; has a Ph.D., an ED.D., or a Psy.D.
What is a Psychoanlayst:
Practices psychoanalysis; has specific training in this approach after an advanced degree(usually, but not always, an MD, of a PhD); may treat any kind of emotional disorder or pathology.
What is a PSYCHIATRIST:
Does work similar to that of a clinical psychologist but is like to take a more biological approach; has a medical degree (MD) with a speciality in Psychiatry.

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