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Psychology 2013

Terms

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giving priority to one's own goals over group's goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
individualim
giving priority to goals of one's group abd defining identity accordigly
collectivism
the enduring behviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
cultur
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
independent variable
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulation
dependent variable
observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
naturalistic observation
assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre existing difference between those assigned to the different groups
random assignment
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
environment
psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are blind about whether the participants received the treatment or placebo
double blind procedure
the tendency tobelieve, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it
hindsight bias
the tendency to be more confident than correct - overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
over confidence
most frequently occuring scores in a distribution
mode
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores then dividing by number of scores
mean
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distrbution
range
acts both as a chemical messengr that transmits nerve signals between nerve cells & causes blood vessels to narrow
serotonin
neurotransmitter,essential for the healthy functioning of the cenral nervous system; effects emotion, perception, movement
dopamine
degeneration of nerve cells that produce dopamine
Parkinsons
"morphine within" natural, opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control & pleasure
endorphins
opium and its derivatives; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain & anxiety
opiates
a neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
action potential ions
CNS
brain and spinalcord
brain's sensory switchboard, locate on top of brain stem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp), helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland and is linked to emotion & reward
hypothalamus
base of brainstem, controls heart beat and breathing
medulla
processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebellum "little brain"
sensory and motor neurons that connect CNS to the rest of the body
peripheral system
single fertilized egg
identical twins
part of PNS that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic division of ANS
calmssssss
sympathetic division of ANS
arouses!
division of PNS that controls body's skeletal muscle
somatic
study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
evolutionary psychology
complete instructions for making organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes
genome
a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
mutation
gender identity
sense of being male or female
set of expected behaviors for males or females
gender roles
acquisition of a traditiona masculie or feminine ole
gender typing
biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes; segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
gene
social learning theory
we learn social behavior by observing & imitating and by being rewarded or punished
scientific attitude
prepares us to be smarter, critical thinking
the neurons life support center. dendrites - branching fibers
cell body
axon speaks (neural impulse) and...
dendrites listen
sensory neurons
collect messages from sense organs and carry to spinal cord/brain
motor neurons
carry messages from spinalcord to muscles/glands
med side effects: fast heartbeat and excessive perspiration
sympathetic nervous system

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