Health - alcohol
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
alcohol effects....
and begins working.... -
every cell in body
the second you ingest it - why doesnt alcohol have to be digested?
- absorbed into bloodstream from intestines --> liver
- how many drinks can the liver handle?
- 1 drink per hour
- what is the first effect of alcohol?
- depressent - reason/judgement leaves first - inhibitions
- what is the effect of alcohol on blood vessels?
- relaxes nerves --> opens up blood vessels --> flushed
- 2nd effect of alcohol?
- sedates cerebral cortex = speech/vision, go to sleep, cant control emotions
- bodys protection devices
-
1.throat stings - prevents too much at once
2.stomach rejects too much
3.breaks down whats in blood ASAP - hangovers caused by:
-
1.congeners - ingredients other than alcohol, irritates nervous system
2.dehydration of brain - nerves hurt when swell back
3.formaldehyde - made by body from alcohol - causes hangovers - hangover deleruim/tremors
-
delirium: confusion, hallucinations, movement
tremors: quivering shacking - long term excessive drinking =
-
liver disease: fills with fat, cirrhosis (scaring), dies and hardens
liver damage --> high BP --> stroke/heart attack
excess fat or too skinny
brain shrinks
risk of cancer in mouth
pancreas stops producing insulin
FAS - first 4 effects of alcohol
-
1.frontal lobe - reasoning/judgement
2.speech and vision
3.muscular control
4.respiration/heartbeat - alcohol in moderation
- less risk for heart attacks, cancer = 2-6 drinks per week
- proof
- percentage of alcohol, proof = twice percent
- drink
-
1/2 ounce pure alcohol
12 oz beer, 1 oz hard liquor, 3-4 oz wine - why cant females drink as much?
-
1.body size
2.smaller volume of blood
3.higher percent body fat - binge drinker
- 4 or more drinks in an hour
- why is alcohol a dirty drug?
- works on multiple sides of body, not just one
- why does very littel alcohol move into bloodstream from teh sotmach?
- because enymes break it down in stomach before it becomes intoxicating
- why is it important that alcohol is a small molecule?
- easily slip through organ walls (includes brain)
- alcohol affects ___ system of the brain. what else does?
- dopamine system - meth/coke
- what effects does dopamine have on body?
- sends pleasure signals after sex, eating, drinking, "high"
- does one drink impair your ability to perform complex tasks?
- yes
- what is GABA?
- amino acid - limits activity of neurons in brain, slows it down
- what does alcohol do to GABA?
- enhances GABA system
- what does glutamate system do to brain?
- speeds it up
- what does alcohol do to glutamate system? how does this affect someone who contiunes to drink?
-
slows it down - impairs.
memory dulls, confusion, trouble coordinating, breathing shuts down --> coma - how does GABA and glutamate contribute to hang overs?
- systems have changed so tries to regain normalcy. less senstive to GABA, more to glutamate. alcohol wears off but brains still trying, hang over ends when leves = normal
- what does body turn methanol into? another name?
- formaldehyde --> formic acid, embalming fluid
- single exposure to alcohol during pregnancy =
- brain damage (learing disabilities to physical damage)
- FAS is NOT....
- curable but 10-12 age gap/window for help
- FAS
-
physical appearance
lower IQ's
lower crime and addiction rate
earlier diagnosis - FAE
-
no physical appearance
higher IQ's
b/c look normal, expected to act normal --> secondary disabilities - each FAE/FAS costs tax payers...
- 3 million
- amount of damage based on...
- volume, timing, peak blood alcohol levels, genetics, environment
- BAL of mom =
-
blood alcohol level of baby = bad
teratogen - cause permanent brain damage - first trimester
-
alcohol effects way cells are growing - altering tissue growth
diminishes # of cells growing in brain --> brain being smaller - second trimester
- miscarriage = biggest risk
- third trimester
- increased chances of neruological and growth definciencies
- FAS on newborns
-
decreased bodily activity
jitters/seizures/tremors
lower hearing
weak suck
arched back
poor/heightened muscle tensions
unpredictable/disrupted sleep cycles - FAS on infants (1-4)
-
delayed development
head banging
body rocking
poor fine motor schools
neurological disfunction
cerebral palsy - FAS on pre-schoolers
-
hyperactivity
poor hand-eye coordination
central auditory disfunction
mental redardation
poor balance
poor tandem gait
delayed language - FAS on school/adolescents
-
attention impariments
arithmetic disabilities
memory imparmetns
learing disabilities
poor impluse control
difficulties wiht judgement - 5 risk factors of alcoholism
-
1.gender
2.family history
3.genetic factors
4.cultural factors
5.psychological vulnerability
6.psychiatric disorders - genetics
- 5 times more likely in men
- family history
-
men w/ no parents = 11.4
men with one parent = 29.5 - genetic factors
- way people respond and process alcohol
- cultural factors
- more of a problem in some coutnries
- psychological vulnerability
- high self expectations, low frustration tolerence, feeling inadequete, needed large amounts of praise, impulsive/agressive
- psychiatric disorders
- anxiety, depression, personality disorders, schizo
- symptoms (5)
-
1.increased tolerence
2.increased problems as result
3.denail
4.loss of control
5.continue despite conaequences - .05%
-
1-2 drinks
mild impariment in judgment
careless behavior
loss of coordination/self control - .10%
-
3-4 drinks
substantial impairment in coordination, perception, judment
emotions and inhibitions relaxed - .20%
-
5-6 drinks
increased loss of self control
unpredictable emotional behavior
motor area of brain depressed = slurred speech, staggard walk
simple tasks = hard - .30%
-
7-8 drinks
state of confusion