honors gov final vocab (national chairperson-political culture)
Terms
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- original jurisdiction
- the jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually i na trial and determine facts
- party competition
- battle of parties for control of public offices
- Office of Management and Budget
- an office that grew out of the Bureau of the budget created in 1921 consisting of a handful of political appointees and hundreds of skilled professionals; performs both managerial and budgetary functions, and although the president is its boss, the director and staff have considerable independence in the budgetary process
- patronage
- one of the key inducements used by political machines and is given for political reasons rather than merit or competence
- party identification
- citizen's self-proclaimed preference for a party
- open primaries
- elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests
- Olson's Law of Large Groups
- the larger the group, the further it will fall short of providing an optimal amount of a collective good
- plea bargaining
- bargain struck between the defendant and prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious crime
- party image
- voter's perception of what a party stands for
- party eras
- historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win a majority of the elections
- party realignment
- displacement of the majority party by the minority party
- original intent
- view that the Constitution should be interpreted as the original framers would have
- national chairperson
- one of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions and is responsible for day-to-day activities of the party and is usually selected by the presidential nominee
- New Deal Coalition
- coalition forged by Democrats who dominated American politics from 1930s to 60s. its basic elements were urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics, Jews, poor, southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals
- pluralist theory
- : politics is mainly a competition among groups, each arguing for its own policies
- natural rights
- rights inherent in human beings, not depending on governments
- national convention
- the meeting of the party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform
- policy voting
- electoral choices that are made on the basis of the voters' policy preferences and on the basis of where the candidates stand on policy issues
- pocket veto
- veto taking place when Congress adjourns within ten days of having submitted a bill to the president by either letting it die by not signing it or vetoing it
- party dealignment
- gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties as seen in part by the shrinking party identification
- national committee
- one of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions and is composed of representatives from states and territories
- National Security Council
- an office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors; contains the president, the vp, the secretary or state and defense
- PACs
- funding vehicles created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms; the Federal Election Commissions monitor this
- political culture
- an overall set of values widely shared within a society
- party machines
- type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements,such as patronage, to win votes and govern
- opinion
- statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision; content just as important as decidion