Ch 17-19 maroon
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- Haymarket riot
- 1886-in Chicago at the McCormick Harvest Company-strikers gathered and police ordered them to disperse when someone threw a bomb into the crowd killing 7 officers adn injury 67 others-police fired into the crowd-8 anarchists rounded up, tried, and convicted (though innocent)-7 were sentenced to death
- great railroad strike
- 1877-eastern railroads announced a 10% wage cut-disrupted rail service from Baltimore to St Louis-destroyed equipment and rioted in the streets of Pittsburgh and other cities-troops to suppress disorder-11 died and 40 wounded-Philadelphia: state militiamen opened fire on thousands of workers and families attempting to cross railroad and killed 20-over 100 ppl died total-first major national labor conflict-illustrated how disputes could no longer be localized-and illustrated resentment from workers toward employers
- "Molly Maguires"
- militant labor organization in the anthracite coal region of PA-operated within Ancient Order of Hibernians (Irish fraternal society)-and sometimes used terrorist tactics-attempted to intimidate the coal operators through violence and occasionally murder-added to growing perception that labor activism was motivated by dangerous radicals
- nationalism
- the aspiration for national independence felt by people under foreign domination-philosophy behind Bellamy's vision
- Samuel Gompers
- United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)
- laissez-faire
- idea of social darwinists-An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws.
- knights of labor
- founded in 1869-under leadership of Uriah S Stephens-membership open to almost all workers-welcomed women-loosely organized without central direction-8 hour workday and abolition of child labor but was more interested in long range reform of economy-for years remained a secret but in the 1870s moved into an open period of expansion under Terence V Powderly-1886: 700,000 members-disappeared in 1890s
- child labor laws
- had limited impact-passed by 38 state legislatures in late 19th Century-set a minumum age of 12 years old and a max workday of 10 hours-standards were ignored
- anarchism
- code word in public mind for terrorism and violence-even though most were relatively peaceful visionaries dreaming of a new social order-obstacle to goals of AFL-created fear
- Edward Bellamy
- published Looking Backward in 1888 (Utopian novel)-about a young Bostonian who went into a hypnotic sleep in 1887 and woke up in 2000 when want, politics,and vice didn't exist-new social ordere-philosophy known as nationalism
- American Federation of Labor
- founded in 1881-most important and enduring labor group in the country-association of autonomous craft unions and represented skilled workers-discouraged female labor yet fought for equal wages-focused on wages, hours, and working conditions
- homestead strike
- 1892-near Pittsburgh-strike due to drastic paycuts-strikebreakers brought in and violenced was ensued-the workers put oil in the river and set fire to it and met the guards on the docks with guns and dynamite-3 guards and 10 strikers were killed-8,000 troops were sent to protect the strikebreakers-symbolized erosion of union strength
- Socialist labor party
- founded in the 1870s and led for many years by Daniel De Leon (immigrant from teh WEst Indies)-he attracted a modest following in the industrial cities but failed to become a major political force-never polled more than 82000 votes-it appealed more to intellectuals than to workers
- chinese exclusion act
- Pased in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease.
- national labor union
- founded by William H Sylvis in 1866-polyglot association claiming 640000 members, including a variety of reform groups having little direct relationship with labor-disintegrated and disappeared after the Panic of 1873-excluded women workers