IMMUNE PART 2

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT MODES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION?: DIRECT CONTACT
AIRBORNE
VEHICLE (FOOD, WATER, INANIMATE OBJECT)
VECTOR - ANIMALS THAT CARRY DISEASE
(MOSQUITOS, TICKS, LICE, FLEAS)
__________ DISCOVERED PENICILLIN IN ____ BY WHAT PROCESS?: ALEXANDER FLEMING
1928
OBSERVED THAT BREAD MOLD INHIBITS BACTERIAL GROWTH
WHERE DO T LYMPHOCYTES MATURE: THYMAS GLAND
WHAT IS THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION TO TISSUE DAMAGE?: MAST CELLS (TYPE OF WHITE BLOOD CELL)
RELEASE HISTAMINE & KININS - CAUSING SKIN TO REDDEN AND BECOME WARM
NEUTOPHILS & MONOCYTES GO TO THE INJURY- COMPLIMENT PROTEINS MARK BACKTERIA FOR DESTRUCTION
LEAVE BLOOD AND TURN INTO MACROPHAGES - EAT PATHOGENS
MOVE THRU LYMPH TO THE LYMPH NODES THAT FIGHT INFECTIONS
WHAT ARE NK CELLS: NATURAL KILLER CELLS WITH NO MEMORY AND NO SPECIFICITY - THEY KILL VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS
WHAT IS LYMPH?: A CLEAR FLUID THAT BATHES THE BODY'S TISSUES
ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM ARE CONNECTED BY A NETWORK OF ____________ AND CONVEYED THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC IN LYMPH: LYMPHATIC VESSELS
WHAT ARE LYMPH NODES?: EACH BODY CAVITY HAS LYMPH NODES. SMALL SCTRUCTURES ALONG LYPHATIC VESSELS, COMPARTMENTS HAVE B CELLS THAT EAT OATGIGEBS & DEBRIS.

HAVE T CELLS PRESENT IN SINUSES FIGHT INFECTIONS & ATTACK CANCER CELLS
WHAT IS THE THYMAS GLAND?: A PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN LOCATED IN ANTERIOR TO AORTA AND UPPER THORACIC CAVITY. SHRINKS AS WE GET OLDER.
WHERE T LYMPHOCYTES MATURE- IF THEY HAVE POTENTIAL TO ATTACK FOREIGN CELL-THEY LEAVE THYMUS

CRITICAL TO IMMUNITY
WHAT IS RED BONE MARROW?: PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN WHERE B CELLS MATURE.
WHERE STEM CELLS DIVIDE & PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS SUCH AS
NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, MONOCYTES & LYMPHOCYTES
WHAT IS THE SPLEEN?: SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGAN - COMPARTMENTS OF TISSUE OF WHITE & RED PULPS. WHITE PULP CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES.
RED PULP FILTERS BLOOD. BLOOD COMES HERE FROM SINUSES WHERE LYMPHOCYTES & MACROPHAGES EAT PATHOGENS AND REMOVE WORN-OUT CELLS
WHAT IS INFLAMMATORY REACTION?: 1. HISTAMINE CHEMICALS CAUSE BLOOD TO COME TO THE SCENE
2. TISSUE CELLS RELEASE CHEMICAL CAUSING NERVE ENDINGS TO ALERT SYSTEM
NEUTORPHILS & MONOCYTES EAT MICROBES
(MONOCYTES STIMULATE IMMUNE RESPONSE)
__________ IMMUNITY DEVELOPS NATURALLY UPON INFECTION OF PATHOGEN AND INCLUDE VACCINES WHICH IS _______________ AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES.: ACTIVE

IMMUNIZATION
WHAT IS PASSIVE IMMUNITY?: TEMPOARY IMMUNITY (NO MEMORY CELLS)BY PREPARED ANTIBODIES WHEN PERSON IS THREATENED BY INFECTIOUS DISEASE
WHAT ARE THE NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES?: Phagocytosis: by neutrophils, and macrophages.
Inflammatory response
Signs: redness, warmth, swelling, pain
Process: tissue damage leads to release of histamine,
blood vessels dilate,
complement marks bacteria,
phagocytic cells arrive and remove invading microorganisms
WHAT ARE THE LINES OF DEFENSE?: 1.Natural killer cells: lymphocytes
2.Complement system: group of plasma
proteins
3.Interferons: interfere with virus
spread
4. Fever: increase host cell defenses and metabolic activity
WHAT ARE SPECIFIC DEFENSES?: 1. T cells require antigen processing
(APC) digests antigens and displays parts of it on the cell surface with help from the MHC protein
2. T cells can now recognize that specific antigens

B cells react directly to antigens
WHAT IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE?: Physical and chemical barriers
Skin: characteristics of barrier
Structure: dead layer, inhospitable to microorganisms
Constant replacement: many adhering microorganisms removed
pH = 5-6: too acidic for many microorganisms
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF T CELLS?: PROVIDE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AGAINST VIRUS & CANCER CELLS
PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW, MATURE IN THYMUS
MUST HAVE APC
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS DESTROY NONSELF CELLS
HELPER T CELLS SECRETE CYTOKINES THAT CONTROL IMMUNE RESPONSE
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF APC, MHC & HLA?: 1. APC ENGULFS PATHOGEN AND BREAKS
INTO FRAGMENTS.
2. FRAGMENTS LINKED TO MHC - THEN
PRESENTED TO T CELL
3. HELPER T CELL RECOGNIZES ANTIGEN
4. STIMULATES CYTOTOXIC T CELL TO
DESTROY PATHOGEN AND INFECTED
CELLS.
WHAT ARE VECTORS?: ORGANISMS THAT CARRY DISEASE FOUND IN ANIMALS - INSECTS, ARACHNIDS, REPTILES, BIRD, MAMMALS
WHAT ARE ADHESION FACTORS?: ALL PATHOGENS TO BIND TO CELL SURFACES
(SPIKES)
COVERED IN A SHELL STUDDED W/ 2 TYPES OF PROTEINS

COMBINATION OF PROTEINS DETERMINES STRAIN
WHAT DOES CHEMOTHERAPY DO?: DRUGS KILLS TUMOR CELLS AND NORMAL CELLS
DAMAGES DNA OR INTERFERES WITH DNA SYNTHESIS
WHAT DOES RADIATION DO?: KILLS CANCER CELLS & HEALTHY CELLS -
CAUSES CANCER CELLS TO MUTATE AND CAUSES APOPTOSIS (CELL DEATH).
WHAT DOES SURGERY TO DO CANCER CELLS: REMOVES TUMORS

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 25