Intellectual Disabilities
Terms
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- How are intellectual disabilities termed?
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mental retardation,
developmental disability,
cognitive delays - What is intellectual disabilities?
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Developmental disorder
below avg IQ (intelligent quotient)
Deficit in 2 or more areas of ADLS - Ways that may be used to test intellectual disability?
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IQ test
adaptive functioning: compare func w/typical child
mental age: std test
(SOMETIMES CAN'T BE TESTED) -
What is the avg IQ?
and What is within normal limits? -
Avg = 100
Normal Limit = 85 to 115
(however 90 and below will have diff w/reading & math) - What are the 4 levels of MR? (give scores)
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Mild: 55 - 69
Mod: 40 - 54
Severe: 25 - 39
Profound: below 25 - When can the possible etiologies of MR occur?
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Prenatal
Perinatal
Postnatal - What are the prenatal causes to MR?
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GENETIC (chromosomal factors)
ACQUIRED (2ndry to teratogens, drugs, toxins maternal infections) - What are the perinatal causes to MR?
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Anoxia or hypoxia during labor or the birthing process;
premature births which can cause RDS, apnea, hydrocephalus, risk of brain bleeds - What are the postnatal causes to MR?
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Infections (meningitis or encepalitits)
Trauma (TBI)
Toxin - What are characteristics of moderate MR?
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Write name
Read simple text/words
know home phone #
understand written #'s
understand basic concept of money
as adult, live w/supervision - What are characteristics of severe MR?
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Require support in all areas of occ performance
Learn simple rules
May recognize own pic
May have physical disabilities such as CP, seizures, etc - What are characteristics of profound MR?
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Has phys dis
Requires Max assist
May learn to comm - What mental functions are impaired due to MR?
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orientation
emotional instability
impulse control
attention - What Language functions are impaired due to MR?
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recall/retrieve words
articulation, 2ndry to phys dis - What behavioral/emotional functions are impaired due to MR?
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psychosocial dis (depression)
hyperactivity
aggressiveness
excessive shyness
OCD
ADD
self-stimulating (hand flapping, biting, etc) - What sensory functions are impaired due to MR?
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visual/auditory
tactile defensiveness
oral hypersensitivity
sensory regulation - What movement related functions are impaired due to MR?
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delay of milestones
low MS tone
oral motor control - What system functions are impaired due to MR?
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cardiac,
pulmonary
blood
digestive
metabolic
urinary
reproductive
skin conditions
food allergies