Pediatrics Growth and Developement
Terms
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- ⬢Cephalocaudal development
- development proceeds from the center of the body out to extremities, head developes first, from large and complex to simple
- Proximodistal development
- development proceeds from the center of the body outward to the extremities
- Influences on Development: Genetics
- ht, wt, rate of growth
- Influences on Development
-
⬢Genetics
⬢Parental influences
⬢Family structure
⬢Socioeconomic influences
⬢Culture
⬢Environment: media, school, community - Rules of 3
-
⬢3 months: may roll over
⬢6 months: sit well, may begin to crawl
⬢9 months: may pull self to standing
⬢12 months: may begin to walk - Important milestones/timeline
-
⬢1st 6 months gains 6 oz/wk
⬢doubles birth wt at 6months
⬢ triples birth wt at 1 yr
⬢teething begins around 6 months
⬢uses pincer grasp well at 9 months - Important milestones/timelines
-
•Start soft foods around 6 months
•may say “mama†or “dada†at 9 months
•cup feed by 12 mo
•anterior fontanel closes around 12 - 18 mo
•Stranger anxiety - How is brain growth measured?
- head circumference
- How much energy(kcal) do infants need daily?
- 108 kcal/kg/day
- When do we introduce food? What kinds?
- around 6 mos, fruits and vegtables.
- What is FTT? What types are there?
-
Failure to Thrive.
Types:
organic=malabsorbtion
inorganic=maternal deprovation - Fluid req for a newborn?
- 1.5ml/kcal used.
- 1-3 years is...
- Toddler hood
- What are signs of toddlehood?
-
•20 deciduous teeth
•2 y/o can build a tower of 4 blocks
•Can undress self
•Jumps, kicks, walks up and down stairs
•Parallel play
•may have physiologic anorexia
•Negativism “N Oâ€
•Object permanence
•Temper Tantrums!! - Stranger anxiety starts/lasts?
- 7mos/3yrs.
- When is a child ready for potty training?
- can walk up and down the stairs
- Parallel play?
- each child plays beside another child but not with, group play
- Physiological anorexia
- Wants one food all the time.
- Good way to test object permanance
- peek a boo
- Best way to deal with t tatrums
- ignore them
- 3-6 years
- Preschooler
- Signs of a preschooler
-
⬢Associative play
⬢Uses scissors, draws circle, cross
⬢Eats with utensils
⬢Loves hospital play ,dolls, imitative dress-up play
⬢Imaginary friends
⬢Vocabulary grows from 300 words to 2100!
⬢Fear of genitalia mutilation - Associate play
- children play together but wit no goal, org, division of labor, or leadership assignment.
- 6 - 12 yr
- School age child
- signs of a school age child
-
⬢School is Important: sense of industry
⬢deciduous teeth fall out, permanent come in
⬢Can regress during illness
⬢Aware of body image
⬢Peer pressure- want to be the same - Peer pressure
- all want to look the same
- School age child: 6 - 12 yr
- want to please the parents
- 12-18 yrs
-
⬢ Puberty
⬢Skills well developed
⬢Need 2000 -3000 cal/day
⬢Seeking independence
⬢Moral and value development
⬢Identity development
⬢Intimacy
⬢Risk takers