Anatomy Lectures 1b

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The supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa are connected by the ____________.: spinoglenoid notch
What is the significance (landmark) of the coracoid process?: A few centimeters below lies the axillary artery, vein, and brachial plexus.
Where are the superior, lateral, and medial borders of the scapula?: Superior: top
medial: vertebral
Lateral: axillary
Where are the 3 angles of the scapula?: superior, inferior, lateral (near glenoid fossa)
The ________bridges the suprascapular notch. The ___________ lies above this ligament, and the _______ lies below.: suprascapular ligament;

Army over Navy: suprascapular artery over nerve
The lateral tip end of the scapula is the ___________.: acromion
The _________ artery forms a circle arond the lateral surface of the scapula.: circumflex scapular
ABduction:______ ADduction:_______: protraction

retraction
Lateral rotation of the scapula is moving the _____ angle laterally. This elevates the ________ (what part of the scapula?): inferior

glenoid fossa
Medial rotation of the scapula is moving the inferior angle _____. This turns the glenoid fossa _______.: medially

inferiorly
The ___________ muscles are responsible for elevation of the scapula.: Trapezius (superior)

levator scapulae
The ___________ muscles are responsible for ADDuction (retraction) of the scapula.: Trapezious (middle)
Rhombooid major
Rhomboid minor
The ___________ muscles are responsible for ABDuction (protraction) of the scapula.: serratus anterior (boxer's muscle)
The ___________ muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the scapula.: trapezius (inferior)

serratus anterior (superior)
The ___________ muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the scapula.: serratus anterior (inferior)

trapezius (superior)
The ___________ muscles are responsible for depression of the scapula.: trapezius (inferior)

pectoralis minor
The 2 necks of the humerus are the : _____________ & ____________. The _________ neck is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus.: anatomical; surgical

surgical
The surgical neck is ______ to the greater and lesser tubercles.: DISTAL (farther down the arm)
Which nerves may be in danger when the surgical neck of humerus is fractured?: AXILLARY (associated)
The radial nerve runs in the ___________ groove of the humerus.: radial

(radial groove is posterior on humerus)
The head of the humerus articulates with the __________________.: glenoid fossa
The ____________divides the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus. The __________________ lies here.: BICEPITAL GROOVE;

long head of the biceps tendon.
The anatomical and surgical heads of the humerus are 'separated' by the ________ & ___________.: greater and lesser tubercles
Between the greater and lesser tubercles lies the______________________.: intertuburcular groove
The deltoid muscle inserts at the ____________.: DELTOID TUBEROSITY
Posterior fibers of the deltoid allow for _________ of the shoulder joint and ________ rotation.: EXTENSION;

LATERAL
Anterior fibers of the deltoid allow _________ and ________ rotation.: FLEXION

MEDIAL
Middle fibers of the deltoid are the most powerful ABduction component of the _______________________.: GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
The deltoid and ______ have the same attachment sites. What are they?: trapezius;
spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 3rd of clavicle (anteriorly)
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?: SITS
supra & infraspinatus; teres MINOR, subscapularis
The rotator cuff is named such because _________ (which joint does it wrap around?).: The 4 muscles form a cuff around the GLENOHUMERAL joint, and thus together rotate the joint.
The rotator cuff does not protect the joint (choose 1): inferiorly, superiorly, anteriorly, or posteriorly?: inferiorly (therefore most shoulder dislocations occur inferiorly).
The supraspinatus (part of cuff torn most frequently) arises from the _______ & extends ________ to the ___________.: supraspinatus fossa;
laterally (post. to the glenohumeral joint);
upper fossa of greater tubercle.
Supraspinatus is useful in the first _____ degrees of aBduction. (if they don't have nerve there or it is atrophied, let gravity pull it out & then use deltoid.: 15
THe infraspinatus passes ________ (anterior or post.) across the GH joint & attaches to ___________.: posteriorly

middle facet of greater tubercle
Which 3 muscles attach to greater tubercle (of humerus): SIT
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres MINOR
The main LATERAL (external) ROTATORS of the r. cuff are _________ & ___________.: infraspinatus, teres MINOR
The subscapularis muscle arises from the _____ & passes across the ________ aspect of the glenohumoral joint.: subscapular fossa;

anterior
The subscapularis inserts into the _________. It is a powerful __________.: lesser tubercle

internal rotator
THe serratus anterior attaches to the ___________.: (medial aspect of) scapula, & LATERAL SURFACES of upper 8 RIBS
The serratus anterior is iNNervated by the ___________ & Artery is ________.: loNg thoracic Nerve;
lAteral thoracic Artery
The reason the scapula can rotate laterally is because of __________. This muscle can also help ABduction of more than 120.: serratus anterior fibers converging on inferior angle
THe serratus anterior holds the scapula against the ____________.: thoracic wall
To remove axillary lymph nodes, one must reflect which 2 nerves? ____ & ____.: Long thoracic & thoracodorsal
If you ask patient to push against wall and the scapula protrudes (like a wing), what does this mean?: Long thoracic nerve is not functioning (and therefore serratus anterior isn't either)
THe teres MAJOR comes from scapula and attaches at the medial crest of the ________ (greater or lesser) tubercle.: LESSER
The teres MAJOR and the ______ have the same function. What?: LATISSIMUS DORSI

powerful extensor, aDDuctor, & medial rotator
THe axillary nerve innervates the _____ & ______.: Teres MINOR & deltoid
The ________ & ________ come out of the quadrangular space. What are the borders?: posterior circumflex humural artery & axilary nerve
lat. border-humerus
med. border-long head of tri
sup.border-teres MINOR
inf.border-teres MAJOR
THe 3 branches of the tricep: ______ ______ ________. Where are they located?: lateral, long, deep;

lateral-lat., long-medial (divides teres maj. & minor)
What are the contents of triangular space? What are the borders?: Cutaneous branch of circumflex scapular artery;
Teres minor (sup.), teres major (inf), long head of triceps (lateral)
What are the borders of the triangular interval?: Lat. & long head of tricips, teres major (sup. border).
When viewing the triangular space from anterior, what are the borders?: teres major, long head of triceps, & SUBSCAPULARIS(instead of teres minor)
Subclavian aretery becomes AXILLARY at __________. Axillary becomes BRACHIAL at_________.: 1st rib (outer surface)

teres major (distal surface)
The long thoracic nerve runs off the ________ root of the ventral rami.: C5,6,& 7
THe dorsal scapular nerve runs off the _______ root of the ventral rami.: C5
There are _____ trunks in the brachial plexus. What are they: 3

superior, medial, inferior
The superior trunk of the brachial plexus is a combination of ___ & _____.: C5-C6
The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is composed of ______________.: C7
The inferior trunk of the brachial plexus is composed of ____________.: C8-T1
There are ________ cords in the brachial plexus.: 3
The LATERAL CORD in the brachius plexus is a combination of _____________.: anterior division of the superior trunk,
the anterior division of the middle trunk
The POSTERIOR CORD in the brachius plexus is a combination of _____________.: the anterior division of the inferior trunk
The lateral and medial cords in the brachius plexus form the _____________.: MEDIAL NERVE
Where is the usual place for a fracture?: jxn b/tw lateral 1/3rd & medial 2/3rds
The 'true ribs' are ribs ___-___: 1-8
The CLAVICULAR HEAD of the pectoralis major arises from______ &: inferior surface of the clavicle.
WHat nerve innervates the clavicular head of the pectoralis major?: lateral pectoral nerve
THe 2 heads of the pec major: _________ & __________. What nerves innervate them?: Clavicular-lat.pec nerve

Sternocostal-medial & lat pec nerves
The 3 components of the deltopectoral groove: _________, _________, & ___________.: cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a,
lateral pectoral n.
The deltoid branch of the _________ runs in the deltopectoral groove.: THORACOACROMIAL
THe __________ (branch of the ___________) runs along with the cephalic nerve.: deltoid a; thoracoacromial a.
The pectoralis minor inserts in the _________ & has its origin in the __________.: insertion: coracoid process

origin: ribs (usually 3,4,& 5)
The __________ nerve pierces the pec. minor and continues to innervate the pec major.: medial pectoral nerve
_________ fascia surrounds the pectoralis minor.: Clavipectoral fascia
THe shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket _________ joint.: SYNOVIAL
THe synovial cavity is filled with _______, which has the viscosity of runny honey: synovial fluid (secreted by cells lining the synovial membrane)
The fibrous capsule and the synovial capsule together are called the ______.: articular capsule
__________are made of thickenings of fibrous capsule surrounding the (shoulder)joint.: Intrinsic ligaments
THe fxn of the extrinsic ligament is to ________.: support the joint, but it is not a thickening of the fibrous capsule
THe shoulder joint is supported mainly by the ________.: rotator cuff muscles.
SHoulder joint: Ball:________ Socket:_________: head of humerus

articulating bones of gleniod fossa
The shoulder is very mobile, but not very ___________. example of hemiplegic patient: STABLE;
hemiplegic or anesthetized patients muscles are paralyzed, so if shoulder moves, you can dislocate it.
Cause of supraspinatus to wear & tear?: Undergoing contraction or excursion, it runs below the acromion and head of humerus Repitition of this causes supraspinatus tendon to tear
What lies b/tw acromion & supraspinatus as a protection mechanism?: bursae (friction decreasing device)
THe _________ is the 2nd largest synovial cavity in the body.: glenohumeral joint
THe fact that the glenoid cavity is ________ provides some stability to the shoulder joint.: shallow
THe _______ deepens the glenoid cavity. What partially attaches here?: glenoid labrum;

long head of biceps tendon
In the rotator cuff, the ______ runs posteriorly, the __________ anteriorly, & the ________ superiorly.: infraspinatus & teres minor;
subscapularis;
supraspinatus
The most probable place to dislocate the shoulder is _______. THis is because ___________>: INFERIORLY:
THere is no inferior border protecting the shoulder
How do you tell if shoulder is dislocated?: Pec major pulls it forward (if inferior dislocation) into subcoracoid. If head of humerus below coracoid process, it's dislocated.
The _________ connects head of humerus to coracoid process.: coracohumeral ligament
The coracohumeral ligament is formed from the ________, and runs _________.: thickening of the superior aspect of the fibrous capsule;
superiorly
Anteriorly in the shoulder, there are__________ to provide stability.: glenohumeral ligaments (intrinsic ligaments)
Glenalhumeral ligaments are actually ____________.: Thickenings of the anterior part of the fibrous capsule.
_________ are thickenings of the anterior part of the fibrous capsule, while _______ are thickenings of the superior part.: glenohumeral;

coracohumeral
THe coracoACROMIAL ligament helps prevent ____________o f the shoulder joint. (what direction of dislocation?): upward dislocation
The coracoacormial lig. is _________, while the transverse humeral lig is _______ (intrensic/extrensic): cor-extrensic

transhum-intrensic
The _____ lies just inferior to the glenohumeral joint: axillary nerve
__________ may be affected during an inferior shoulder dislocation.: Axillary nerve (b/c it's just inferior to glenohumeral joint)
In a 'shoulder separation', what is affected?: Acromioclavicular joint

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