GA Block 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Extension
- straightening a part or increasing its angle btwn body parts
- Flexion
- bending a part or decreasing its angle btwn body parts
- Adduction
-
retraction
moving toward the midline of the body - Abduction
-
protraction
moving away from the midline of the body - Rotation
- moving a body part around its long axis
- Lateral Rotation
- turns the anterior surface of a body part laterally (away from the midline)
- Medial Rotation
- turns the anterior surface of a body part medially (toward the midline)
- Trapezius
-
Origin- superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, C7-T12
Insertion- clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Innervation- CN XI (accessory)
Blood Supply- transverse cervical artery
Action- 1. Descending fibers elevate scapula 2. Ascending fibers depresses scapula 3. Middle fibers retract scapula - Latissimus dorsi
-
Origin- T7 to T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion- intertubercular sulcus
Innervation- thoracodorsal nerve
Blood Supply- thoracodorsal artery
Action- extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus - Rhomboid major
-
Origin- T2 to T5
Insertion- medial border of scapula inferior to spine
Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery
Action- retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity, and hold scapula close to thoracic wall - Rhomboid minor
-
Origin- nuchal ligament, and C7 to T1
Insertion- medial border of scapula near spine
Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery
Action- same as rhomboid major - Levator scapulae
-
Origin- transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion- medial border of scapula superior to spine (superior angle?)
Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery
Action- elevates the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity - Splenius capitis
-
Origin- nuchal ligament and C7-T3
Insertion- mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood Supply-
Action- laterally flex neck and rotate head, extend head and neck - Splenius cervicis
-
Origin- nuchal ligament and C7-T4
Insertion- tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood Supply-
Action- same as splenius capitis - Serratus anterior
-
Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Blood Supply-
Action- - Supraspinatus
-
Origin- supraspinous fossa
Insertion- superior facet of greater tubercle
Innervation- suprascapular nerve
Blood Supply-
Action- holds humerus in joint, acts in first 15 degrees of abduction - Infraspinatus
-
Origin- infraspinous fossa
Insertion- middle facet of greater tubercle
Innervation- suprascapular nerve
Blood Supply-
Action- holds humeral head in glenoid cavity, and laterally rotates arm - Teres minor
-
Origin- middle part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion- inferior facet of greater tubercle
Innervation- axillary nerve
Blood Supply-
Action- laterally rotates arm, and holds humeral head in glenoid cavity - Subscapularis
-
Origin- subscapular fossa
Insertion- lesser tubercle
Innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves
Blood Supply-
Action- medially rotates arm, adducts arm, and holds humeral head in glenoid cavity - Teres major
-
Origin- posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion- medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
Innervation- lower subscapular nerve
Blood Supply-
Action- adducts and medially rotates arm - 3 major native muscles of back
-
Splenius muscles
Erector Spinae (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis)
Transversospinalis (Semispinalis, Multifundus, Rotatores) - Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
-
Origin- transverse processes of C4-T12
Insertion- occipital bone (capitis), spinous processes 4-6 segments superior to origin
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood Supply-
Action- extends head and thoracic, cervical regions of column, also rotates them contralaterally - Deltoid brachii
-
Origin- lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion- deltoid tuberosity
Innervation- axillary nerve
Blood Supply- anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Action- 1. clavicular part flexes and medially rotates arm 2. acromial part abducts arm 3. spinal part extends and laterally rotates arm - Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis)
-
Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, iliosacral ligaments
Insertion- spinous processes of upper thorax, cranium
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood supply- posterior intercostal artery
Action- extend vertebral column and head (allow us to stand erect) - Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis)
-
Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, and iliosacral ligaments
Insertion- mastoid process, transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood Supply-
Action- same as spinalis - Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum)
-
Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, iliosacral ligaments
Insertion- angles of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood supply-
Action- same as spinalis - Rotatores
-
Origin- transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion- spinous processes either 1 or 2 vertebra superior to its origin
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood supply-
Action- stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotation mvmts of column - Multifidus
-
Origin- sacrum, mamillary processes of lumbar, transverse processes of T1-3, and articular processes of C4-7
Insertion- spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superiorly to origin
Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves
Blood supply-
Action- stabilize vertebrae during local mvmts of vertebral column - Rectus capitis posterior minor
-
Origin- posterior tubercle of C1
Insertion- inferior nuchal line
Innervation- suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1) - Rectus capitis posterior major
-
Origin- spinous process of C2
Insertion- inferior nuchal line
Innervation- suboccipital nerve - Obliquus capitis inferior
-
Origin- spinous process of C2
Insertion- transverse process of C1
Innervation- suboccipital nerve - Obliquus capitis superior
-
Origin- transverse process of C1
Insertion- occipital bone btwn superior and inferior nuchal lines - Suboccipital Triangle
-
Roof- semispinalis capitis
Floor- PAO membrane
Contents- vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
Actions- extend the head on C1 and rotate the head and the C1 on C2 vertebrae