PCAT Thermochemistry
Terms
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- isolated
- cannot exchange energy OR matter with the surroundings
- closed
- can exchange energy BUT NOT matter with the surroundings
- open
- can exchange BOTH matter and energy with the surroundings
- isothermal
- temperature of the system reamins constant
- adiabatic
- no heat exchange occurs
- isobaric
- pressure of the system remains constant
- heat (q)
-
q = mc(deltaT)
m = mass
c = specific heat
deltaT = change in temperature - endothermic
- reactions that absorb energy
- exothermic
- reactions that release energy
- enthalpy (H)
-
total H =
H of products - H of reactants - Entropy (S)
-
delta S =
S final - S initial
or
q in reversible process / T - spontaneous / nonspontaneous
-
spon = deltaG is negative
nonspon = deltaG is positive - Gibbs Free Energy (G)
-
deltaG =
deltaH - T(deltaS) - Bond Dissociation Energy
-
deltaH of reaction =
deltaH of bonds broken - deltaH of bonds formed
or
total energy input - total energy released - Hess's Law
- enthalpies of reactions are additive