LEA
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- What structure separates the anterior compartment from the posterior compartment of the thigh?
- The lateral Intermuscular septa
- What structure separates the anterior compartment from the medial compartment of the thigh?
- The medial intermuscular septa
- Which muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by the femoral nerve?
- Muscles in the anterior compartment include:#Quadratus Femoris - Femoral#Sartorius - Femoral#Pectinius - Femoral#Tensor Fascia Lata - Sup. Glut. Nerve L4,L5,S1,S2
- Describe the capsular arrangement of the ACL
- extrasynovial and intracapsular
- What are the attachments of the ACL
- distal attachment is anteriorly to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and proximally to the medial side of the lateral condyle posteriorly
- Does the ACL resist posterior or anterior displacement?
- anterior displacement. It also prevents hyperextension.
- Does the ACL cross on the medial or lateral side of the PCL?
- the lateral side
- What bony landmarks surround gluteus medius?
- the posterior and anterior gluteal lines.
- Which muscle lies between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines?
- gluteus medius
- Which vein does the great saphenous vein drain into?
- The femoral veinā¬¦ not the deep femoral vein.
- Which nerve runs with the great saphenous vein?
- The anterior portion of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve
- List the arteries that are at risk in a hip fracture.
- The medial and lateral circumflex arteries. (aka retinacular arteries)
- What is the longest branch of the femoral nerve?
- the saphenous nerve
- What supplies the ligament to the head of femur?
- the foveola artery; supplied from the posterior branch of the obturator artery.
- What are the attachment sites of piriformis?
- O: pelvic surface of sacrum #I: Posterosuperior angle (tip) of the greater trochanter of Femur
- What is the medial (proximal) attachment of the gemelli?
- Ischium
- What is the lateral (distal) attachment of the gemelli?
- Femur
- The tendon of which muscle helps to form a ligament of the knee?
- Semimembranosus
- What are the branches of the femoral artery in the thigh?
- Inferior epigastric#superficial circumflex iliac artery#superficial and deep external pudendal#lateral and medial transverse arteries# deep femoral# descending genicular
- Where does the hip capsule insert on the femur?
- On the intertrochanteric line.
- What attaches at the intertrochanteric line of femur?
- pubofemoral ligament# iliofemoral ligament# vastus medialis and lateralis# hip capsule#NOT pectineus (pectineal line) NOR rectus femoris
- Does the deep femoral artery travel in the adductor canal?
- No. The femoral artery travels there and terminates at the Adductor Hiatus.
- Is the 4th branch of the deep femoral artery the terminating artery?
- Yes.
- What are the cardinal planes in anatomy?
- Sagittal; Transverse, and Frontal.
- Is the hip more stable in flexion or extension?
- In extension. Forces up the femur, when in flexion, make it easier to pop the head of femur out of the acetabulum.
- What blood supplies supply the hip?
- Many. There is no one supply due to the anastomosis.# Obturator artery #medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries #Inferior and superior gluteal arteries.
- What forms the cruciate anastomosis?
- Inferior gluteal#1st perforating branch of the deep femoral# Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
- What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
- Medial: lateral edge of adductor longus#Lateral: medial border of sartorius#Base: inguinal ligament#Roof: Fascia Lata#Floor: iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, adductor brevis
- What are the borders of the femoral canal?
- Anterolateral wall: vastus medialis#Posterior wall: adductor longus, superiorly and adductor magnus, inferiorly#Roof: sartorius
- What innervates the posterior compartment?
- Tibial nerve
- What nerve supplies the skin on the lateral side of the thigh?
- Lateral femoral cutaneous???
- What nerve supplies the extensors of the hip muscles?
- Tibial nerve
- What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
- Inferior gluteal
- What nerve supplies gluteus minimus and medius?
- Superior gluteal
- What nerve supplies the hamstrings?
- Tibial nerve
- What nerve supplies the quadriceps?
- Tibial Nerve
- Which nerve innervates the triceps surae?
- Tibial nerve
- What is the action of triceps surae?
- plantarflexion
- The spiral line is a continuation of the____________.
- intertrochanteric line
- What is the origin of Tensor Fascia Latae?
- ASIS
- What nerve supplies adductor magnus?
- Adductor portion is obturator nerve.#Hamstring Portion is tibial nerve
- What muscle is innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve?
- Adductor magnus.
- Which muscles crosses two joints and flexes the hip and extends the leg?
- rectus femoris
- What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
- Anterior Trunk# - Obturator artery# - Inferior Gluteal artery# - Internal Pudendal artery#Posterior Trunk# - Superior Gluteal artery ## - Iliolumbar artery# - lateral sacral
- What are the branches of the external iliac artery?
- inferior epigastric#deep circumflex iliac
- What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the butt?
- cluneal nerves
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the superior cluneal nerve?
- Dorsal ramii of L123
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the middle cluneal nerve?
- Dorsal ramii of S123
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the inferior cluneal nerve?
- Post femoral cutaneous - Ventral Ramii of s123
- What is the nerve supply to the common peroneal nerve?
- L4-S2
- How does the sacral spinous ligament relate to the sacral tuberous ligament?
- the sacral spinous ligament runs deep to the sacral tuberous ligament.
- Which ligament crosses the anterior tibial artery (NV bundle) at the ankle?
- EHL - #Extensor hallucis longus
- Which ligament crosses the anterior tibial artery (NV bundle) in the foot?
- EHB - #Extensor hallucis brevis
- Which two tendons cross each other at the ankle in the deep osteofascial compartment?
- Tibialis Posterior passes under FDL - Flexor digitorum longus
- Which two tendons cross each other in the plantar foot?
- FHL and FDL #Flexor hallucis longus and #Flexor digitorum longus
- Which ligament crosses the posterior tibial artery?
- FDL#Flexor digitorum longus
- What are the muscles that originate from the peroneal sheath?
- OFI#Oblique head of Adductor Hallucis#Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis FDMB#Interossei (plantar and dorsal)
- Which muscles originate from the tuberosity of calcaneus?
- AbFAb or AbhFdbAbdm#Abductor Hallucis#Flexor Digitorum Brevis#Abductor Digiti Minimi#NOT Quadrutus plantae
- What inserts into the middle row of phalanges?
- Flexor digitorum brevis and Extensors digitorum longus and brevis.
- Which structures attach to the tibia?
- The medial collateral ligament does not.#Pes Anserinus muscles (SGS) IT Tract, Quadriceps tendon, Semimembranosus, popliteus, tibialis anterior and posterior, soleus, FDL
- Which structures attach to the head of fibula?
- Biceps femoris, peroneus longus, brevis, tertius, EHL, Tibialis Posterior, FHL
- Which surface of the medial cuneiform presents a groove?
- Medial surface. Groove is for tendon of tibialis anterior
- Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the adductor hiatus
- The vein is lateral
- Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the center of the fossa?
- The vein is posterior
- Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the soleal line?
- The vein is medial
- What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
- Lateral tarsal#Medial tarsal#arcuate#deep plantar perforating#1st dorsal metatarsal#Note: perforating arteries (not the deep) is not a branch of the dp.
- What is the progression of lymphatic disease?
- Cellulitis#Lymphangitis#Lymphandopathy#Sepsis#Death
- What mechanisms are involved in deep venous return?
- pulsation of arteries#muscles - milking action#valves
- What mechanisms are involved in superficial venous return?
- vasoconstriction#muscles - milking action#valves
- If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect increased pressure in the arcuate artery?
- No.
- If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect decreased pressure in the anterior tibial artery?
- No.
- If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect decreased flow in the lateral tarsal artery?
- Yes. The lateral anastamoses will supply compensatory flow to that region.
- If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect no blood flow to the lateral tarsal artery?
- No
- What symptoms would a patient demonstrate with a nerve compression at L5?
- lack of cutaneous sensation on the dorsum of foot.#weakness in extensor muscles, especially EDL EHL. NOTE: Tibialis Anterior is supplied by L4
- What would you expect to happen if a surgeon accidentally cut the medial plantar nerve?
- Aside from a lawsuit, the patient will experience loss of function to:#Lumbricals (1st)#Abductor Hallucis#FHB#FDB#cutaneous sensation to the 2nd, 3rd, and 1/2 of 4th toes.
- Which bone in the foot lacks any muscle attachments?
- Talus
- Which muscle inserts into the intermediate cuneiform?
- Tibialis Posterior
- Which bone in the thigh and leg does not articulate with the tibia?
- the patella.
- Do the tibia or fibula articulate with calcaneus?
- No! Neither!
- Which bones articulate with calcaneus
- Talus (2x)#Navicula#Cuboid
- Define cellulitis
- Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue (formerly called cellular tissue).
- Define lymphangitis
- Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.
- Define lymphadenitis
- Inflammation of a lymph node or lymph nodes.
- Define sepsis
- The presence of various pus-forming and other pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues; septicemia is a common type of sepsis.
- Which osseous structures give rise to dorsal ramii nerves?
- Ilium and vertebral column
- Which osseous structures give rise to ventral ramii nerves?
- Ischium and pubis
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the lumbar sacral plexus?
- L4,5 and S1
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the femoral nerve?
- Dorsal division of L2, 3, and 4
- Which spinal nerves give rise to the obturator nerve?
- Ventral division of L2, 3, and 4
- Which direction does the ventral division of the obturator nerve travel?
- medially
- Which planes does the hip move in?
- All three cardinal planes. Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse