Intro Radiology
Terms
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- Anatomical Position
- Standing upright with arms and palms out.
- Axial Skeleton
- Trunk,spine, head, pelvis, Ribs
- Extremities
- Arms and legs
- Median Sagittal Plane
- Body split right and left halves
- Coronal Plane
- Body split in half front and back
- Horizontal plane
- Top and Bottom Plane
- Oblique Plane
- Any plane at an angle
- Anterior
- Front
- Posterior
- Back
- Ventral
- Front
- Dorsal
- Back
- Superior
- Top
- Inferior
- Bottom
- Cephalad (Cephalic)
- Head
- Caudad (Caudal)
- Below - toward the feet
- Medial
- Toward Middle
- Lateral
- Away
- Proximal
- Close
- Distal
- Far
- Submento-Vertical (SMV)
- From the chin to the head
- Verico-Submental (VSM)
- From the head to the chin
- Palmer
- Palm
- Plantar
- Sole of the foot
- Vertical
- Up and down
- Horizontal
- Flat
- Internal
- Inside
- External
- Outside
- Longitudinal
- Long Axis
- Transverse
- Right Angle to Long Axis
- Supinate
- Palm of hand turned up
- Pronate
- Palm of hand turned down
- Evert
- To turn the part outward
- Invert
- To turn the part inward
- Extension
- To straighten
- Flexion
- To Bend
- Abduct
- To move the part away from the midline of the body
- Adduct
- To move the part toward the midline of the body
- Rotate
- To turn along one axis
- Recumbent
- Lying down
- Supine
- Lying on the back
- Prone
- Lying on the stomach
- Decubitus
- horizontal x-ray beam
- Fowler's
- Lying down with the head raised and feet lowered
- Trendelenburg Position
- Lying down with the head lower and the feet raised
- RAO
-
Right Anterior Oblique Position
Right front closest to the film - LAO
-
Left Anterior Oblique Position
Left front closest to the film - RPO
-
Right Posterior Oblique position
Right back closest to the film - LPO
-
Left Posterior Oblique position
Left back closest to the film - What is Projections
- Describes the path of the central ray (CR) as it exitsthe X-ray tube, goes through the body to the image receptor (IR).
- AP Projection
- When the central ray enters the front (anterior) surface of the body and exits through the back (Posterior) surface
- PA projection
- When the central ray enters the back (Posterior) surface and exits through the front (Anterior) surface.
- Lateral Projection
- a perpendicular central ray enters one side of the body or body part, passes transversly along the coronal plane, and exits on the opposite side.
- Oblique Projection
- Central ray enters the body or body part from a side angle following an oblique plane.
- Axial projection
- Along the axis of a part. The ray is angled.
- Tangential projection
- Touching a curved surface at a single point.
- (SID)
- Source to image distance
- Collimator
-
x-ray limiting device
Lead shutters control size and shape of the beam. - (CR)
- Central Ray
- Remnant Radiation
- Passes through the body and produces image.
- mA
- milliamperage
- mAs
- Milliamperage seconds
- kVp
- kilovoltage peak
- Discovered X-Rays 11/08/1895
- Wilhelm Roetgen
- First x-Ray Image
- Roetgen's wifes hand
- Radiology
- Deals with radioactive substances for diagnosis and healing
- Radiography
- Making radiographs
- Radiologist
- Doctor who interprets radiographs
- RT
- Registered Technologist
- R
- Radiographer
- CT
- Computed Tomography
- Analgesics
-
Relieve pain without loss of consciousness.
Non-Narcotic - asprin
Narcotic - morphine - Anti Coagulants
-
Inhibit blood clotting
Coumadin - oral
Hepprin - IV only - Emetic
-
Causes vomiting
Epicak - Anti Emetic
-
prevents vomiting
Composine - Diuretic
-
increases urination
Lasix - Vasoconstrictors
-
constrict blood vessels
Levophed - Five rights of drug administration ?
- Right drug, amount,patient,time,route
- Routes of drug administration ?
- oral, sublingual, topical, parenteral, injection
- Types of injections ?
- Intravenous, Intramuscular, subcutanious
- Crookes Tube
- Early cathode tube invented by William Crooke
- George Eastman
- 1884 - Produced rolled paper film
- R.L. Maddox
- 1871 - produced Silver Bromide (film coating)
- 1901 Nobel Prize
- Roentgens Paper "New Kind Of Rays"
- Clarence Daily
- Edisons assistant who died from radiation exposure.
- Thomas Edison
- Experimented with Fluoroscopy
- The Curies and Henery Bacquel
- 1903 Nobel prize for work with radium.
- MRI
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Bolus
- concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preperation
- Coagulation
- blood clotting
- Contraindication
- a condition that renders treatment undesirable
- Edema
- Large amonts of fluid in the tissues
- Hematoma
- collection of blood in the tissue
- Parenteral
- Nourishment by IV
- Shock
- profound hypotension
- Venipuncture
- punctue a vein
- ASRT
- American Society of Radiologic Technologists
- Ethics
- Based on individual conceptions of right and wrong.
- Tort
- Legal filing to recover damages
- Assault
- Threat of harm and victim believes it.
- Slander
- Oral defamation
- Libal
- Written defamation
- IPSA Loquitur
- Self evident negligent situation.
- Respondant Superior
- Employer is responsible for employee.
- ALARA
- As Low As Reasonably Achievable
- R Room
- Radiography Room
- R/F Room
- Radiography / Fluoroscopy Room
- Fluorosciopy
- Dynamic realtime imaging of structures in motion.
- mAs controls what ?
- Quanity of x-rays
- KVp controls what?
- Quality of x-rays
- Three types of energy produced by a cathode ray tube ?
-
Thermal, kinetic, radiant
(heat, moving protons, x-rays) - Percent of heat energy from an x-ray tube ?
-
99.4% heat .6% x-rays
Not very efficient - PBL
-
Positive Beam limitation
Adjusts light field to the size of the cassette. - Bucky Tray
- Holds x-ray cassette
- Technique
- Adjusting KVp, mA, sec
- Normal KVp range
- 70 KVp - 120 KVp
- Maximum KVp range ?
- 30 Kvp - 150 Kvp
-
The main power switch produces x-rays ?
True or false - False
- kilo = ?
- 1000
- Milli =
- .001 or 1/1000
- Termination of exposure should be indicated both ________ and________ .
- audibly and visibly
- First X- Ray
- Roentgen's wifes hand
- Fluid escape into surrounding tissue.
- Extravasation
- Nourishment by IV ?
- Parenteral
- CHF
- Congestive Heart failure
- CS
- Central Supply
- Hx
- History
- OP
- Out Patient
- PID
- Pelvic Inflamatory Disease
- p/o
- Post Operative
- prn
- As needed
- pt
- patient
- Sx
- Symptoms
- TIA
- Transient Ischemic Attack
- TID
- Three times Daily
- TKO
- To keep open
- TPR
- Temperature, Pulse, Respiration
- RSNA
- Radiological Society of North America
- JCAHO
- Joint Commission for Accreditation Of Healthcare Organizations
- JRCERT
- Joint Review Commitee on Education in Radiologic Technology
- NCRP
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement
- RDMS
- Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer.
- REM
- Radiation Equivalent Man
- Types Of Shielding
- Flat, Shaped, Shadow